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LIBRARY 

OF  THR 

University  of  California. 

GIKT  OK 

Received  -  ,  igo 

Accession  No.  o^ J^  /^  J^  ^Class  No.    7^3^- 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/beginnersgreekcoOOcollrich 


THE    BEGINNER'S 


GREEK    COMPOSITION 


*BASED    MAINLY    UPON    XENOPHON'S 
ANABASIS,   BOOK   I 


WILLIAM   C.  COLLAR 

AND 

M.    GRANT    DANIELL 


BOSTON,  U.S.A. 

GINN    &    COMPANY,    PUBLISHERS 

1894 


CorVRIGHT,    1S93 

By  WILLIAM  C.  COLLAR  and  M.  GRANT  DANIELL 


ALL    RIGHTS    RESERVED 

1;%  1^-7.5 


^j^T      '«*tMi 


\^^ 


PREFACE. 


College  admission  requirements  in  writing 
Greek  practically  determine  the  scope  and  fix 
the  aim  of  instruction  in  the  schools.  Though 
these  requirements  vary  in  degree,  they  point 
to  the  same  end  —  power  and  knowledge  of  the 
language  sufficient  for  translating  easy  narrative 
or  address  into  Attic  Greek.  So  far  as  amount 
of  acquisition  can  be  approximately  measured, 
nothing  could  be  more  reasonable  and  just. 
By  working  consciously  and  definitely  toward 
that  goal  by  the  best  method,  the  learner  is 
sure  to  derive  the  highest  benefit  that  the  study 
can  yield. 

But  what  is  the  best  method,  or  at  least,  a 
good  method  .^     It  is  now  pretty  generally  ad- 


IV  PREFACE. 

mitted  that  it  is 'not  one  that  divides  and  divorces 
writing  from  reading.  Assuming  that  the 
learner  has  a  good  mastery  of  inflections  and 
such  knowledge  of  simple  constructions  as  is 
ordinarily  acquired  in  the  first  year's  study,  the 
basis  of  exercises  for  beginners  should  be  a 
Greek  text  that  he  has  read  and  studied  with 
care.  In  this  way  the  learner  turns  to  account 
not  only  all  that  he  has  consciously  acquired, 
but  what,  on  the  whole,  is  of  greater  import- 
ance, all  that  he  has  unconsciously  absorbed. 

The  ipsissinia  verba^  then,  of  a  Greek  text 
constitute  the  foundation  and  the  model  ;  the 
ability  to  translate  connected  English  into 
Greek  is  the  goal.  The  question  then  arises, 
shall  practice  in  writing  be  applied  to  and  ac- 
company a  large  area  of  text,  or  shall  it  rest  in 
the  elementary  stage  upon  a  limited  portion  of 
an  author }  The  editors,  as  will  be  seen,  have 
chosen  the  latter  alternative,  and   have  based 


PREFACE. 


the  main  part  of  the  exercises  upon  the  first 
book  of  Xenophon's  Anabasis. 

The  method  assumes  of  necessity,  and  this  is 
conceived  to  be  one  of  its  chief  recommend- 
ations, great  familiarity  with  the  original.  Such 
a  ready  command  of  the  Greek  original  can 
neither  be  required  nor  expected  of  more  than 
a  limited  amount  of  text.  Nor  is  it  essential. 
Not  all  of  the  seven  books  of  Xenophon's 
Anabasis,  for  example,  afford  illustrations  of 
every  Greek  construction  ;  but  any  one  book 
furnishes  more  than  most  students  master. 
The  case  is  not  the  same  as  in  Latin,  where 
a  much  wider  and  more  various  reading  pre- 
cedes and  accompanies  Latin  Composition. 

Another  consideration  carries  with  it  great 
weight.  Since  the  power  of  the  student,  at  the 
end  of  his  preparatory  course,  to  translate  con- 
nected English  of  some  complexity  into  Greek 
is  the  measure  and  test,   on  one  side,   of  his 


VI  PREFACE. 

grasp  of  the  language,  it  should  obviously  be 
greatly  to  his  advantage  to  be  practised  from 
the  beginning  in  dealing  with  simple,  but  still 
continuous  English. 

This  principle  of  continuity  in  the  exercises, 
so  seemingly  necessary,  if  the  student  is  to  catch 
the  essential  spirit  and  style  of  the  Greek,  is 
the  distinguishing  characteristic  of  this  book. 
In  no  part  and  in  no  single  exercise  are  the 
sentences  detached  and  unrelated.  The  sen- 
tences for  oral  translation,  though  short,  simple, 
and  for  convenience,  numbered,  substantially 
repeat  in  altered  form,  the  story  of  the  original. 

Finally  the  young  learner  must  be  launched 
upon  waters  less  familiar  and  cease  to  hug  a 
known  coast.  In  other  words  from  reproduc- 
ing, in  a  sense,  an  original  that  he  has  seen,  he 
must  reproduce  an  original  that  he  has  not 
seen.  The  transition  would,  as  yet,  be  too 
abrupt   to  passages   based   on   no   Greek   text. 


PREFACE.  Vll 

The  style  and  vocabulary  should  not  be  quite 
unlike  what  he  has  become  familiar  with.  Ac- 
cordingly the  book  concludes  with  longer  Eng- 
lish passages,  which  are  largely  translations 
from  different  works  of  Xenophon,  and  include . 
a  few  recent  Harvard  entrance  examination 
papers,  with  here  and  there  a  note. 

It  is  hoped  that  many  teachers  will  welcome 
the  brief  notes  appended  to  each  exercise  call- 
ing attention  to  correspondences  and  differences 
between  Latin  and  Greek.  Here  is  a  consider- 
able body  of  material  for  comparison  of  words, 
idioms,  and  constructions  in  the  two  languages. 
The  editors  have  learned,  in  their  experience, 
to  appreciate  the  value  of  such  comparative 
study.  They  find  that  it  aids  the  memory  in 
the  acquisition  of  both  languages,  cultivates 
habits  of  observation  and  reflection,  and  there- 
by adds  zest  to  study.  These  notes  are  perhaps 
sufficient  by  way  of  stimulus  and  suggestion, 


VIU  PREFACE. 

and  they  are  offered  in  the  confident  expecta- 
tion that  they  will  not  only  prove  interesting 
and  useful  in  themselves,  but  will  also  incite 
the  learner  to  original  work  in  the  same  direc- 
tion. 

Boston,  July  28,  1893. 


NOTE. 

The  learner  is  expected  to  find  in  the  Greek  text 
illustrations  of  the  grammatical  principles  selected 
for  each  exercise.  These  principles  should  be 
thoroughly  mastered,  examples  of  each  committed 
to  memory,  and  often  reviewed.  The  method  of 
the  book  also  presumes  repeated  reviews  of  the 
exercises,  both  oral  and  written.  Among  the  refer- 
ences to  the  grammar  one  will  occasionally  be 
found  that  does  not  apply  to  any  sentence  in  the 
immediate  lesson.  Such  references  should  not, 
however,  be  neglected.  They  are  always  illus- 
trated in  the  text  on  which  the  exercise  is  based, 
and  the  application  is  made  in  subsequent  exer- 
cises. 

It  is  recommended  that  the  working  over  of  the 
exercises  be  continued  through  the  whole  period 
of  prose  reading  in  the  preparatory  course.  Thus 
the  grammatical  principles  here  illustrated  will  find 
daily  additional  confirmation,  and  the  importance 
of  carefully  noting  new  words,  idioms,  and  forms 
of  expression  as  they  occur,  will  be  impressed 
upon  the  mind  of  the  student. 


2  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    I. 

FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  1,  i,  2. 

The  grammatical  references  are  to  the  grammars  of  Goodwin, 
revised  edition,  and  Hadley-Allen  (H.). 

a.  Historical  Present.     1252  ;  H.  828. 

b.  Article  for  Possessive.     949  ;  H.  658. 

c.  Participle  with  rvyxavco.      1586  ;   H.  984. 

d.  Participle  of  Attendant  Circumstance.     1563, 
7  ;  H.  968. 

In  the  exercises  a  superior  figure  put  after  a  word  (e.  g.  him^) 
applies  to  that  word  alone  ;  put  before  a  word  (e.  g.  ^fell), 
applies  to  two  or  more  immediately  following. 

I.  Cyrus  was  son  of  Dareios.  2.  Dareios  ^fell 
sick.  3.  Dareios  ^happens  to  be  sick.  4.  He 
wishes  Tiis  younger  son  to  be  with  him.^  5. 
Parysatis,  ^as  it  happened,  was  with  him.  6.  He 
*sent  for  Cyrus.  7.  Accordingly  Cyrus  came 
up  from  his^  province.     8.   Then^  both  his  sons 


FOR  ORAL    TRANSLATION  3 

were  with  him.  9.  And "  Cyrus  had  also  "  takers 
along  Tissaphernes.  10.  Hoplites  assembled^ 
in  the  plain.  11.  Now  Cyrus  was  general  of  all 
the  hoplites.  12.  But  Xenias,  as  it  happened, 
had  two  hundred  hoplites. 

I.  Use  the  aorist.  2 .  01.  iraplav iTvy^v^.  3. 
Omit.  4.  What  voice?  5.  Use  the  article. 
6.  TOTe.  7.  Cf.  KQX  (TTpaTrjyov  8e.  8.  That  is, 
2^sed  to  assemble ;  imperfect  tense,  what  voice  ? 

He  sent  for  Cyrus :  Cyrum  arcessivit.  Younger:  minor 
natu.  Kal  .  .  .  8€  :  itemque.  They  used  to  assemble:  se 
conferebant.  Iircl  T|<r0€v€i  Aapcios  :  cum  Dareus  aegro- 
taret.  6  'irp€<rp{»T€pos  irapwv  kTvyxo.vi  :  maior  natu  forte 
aderat.  ws  <|)iX.ov  :  ratus  eum  sibi  esse  amicum.  ottXi- 
rai :  milites  gravis  armaturae.  Translate  3  and  4  into 
Latin. 


c. 


BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE  II. 

FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  1,  3,  4. 

a.  Aorist  for  English  Pluperfect.      1261  ;  H.  837. 

b.  Optative  in  Indirect  Discourse.    1487  ;  H.  932. 
Dative  with  Compound  Verbs.     1179;  H.  775. 

d.  Object  Clauses  with  ottws  after  Verbs  of  Striv- 
ing, etc.      1372  ;   H.  885. 

I.   Cyrus  was  falsely  accused  to  his  brother. 

2.  For  Tissaphernes  was  plotting  against  Cyrus. 

3.  Now  ^Cyrus's  brother  ^was  established  on 
the  throne.  4.  And  he  was  persuaded  ^  by  Tis- 
saphernes. 5.  So^  he  arrested  Cyrus.  6.  But 
his  mother  begged  him  off,  ^with  the  avowed 
intention  of  sending  him  back  to  his  province. 
7.  For  Parysatis  loved  Cyrus  more  than  Ar- 
taxerxes.^  8.  Artaxerxes  had  dishonored  his 
brother  Cyrus.  9.  And  Cyrus  planned  ^  that  he 
might  never  again  be  dishonored.      10.   Cyrus 


FOR  ORAL   TRANSLATION  5 

will    never  ^    be    king    instead   of    his   brother. 
II.  For^  he  is  ^^in  the  power  of  Artaxerxes. 

I.  Use  the  article,  putting  "Cyrus's"  in 
the  attributive  position.  2.  Follow  the  text. 
3.  vTTo  with  genitive.  4.  S17 ;  be  careful  about 
the  position  5.  Cf.  cos  aTroKrevw.  6.  In  the 
same  construction  with  "Cyrus."  7.  ottod?  ; 
with  what  mood  and  tense  t  8.  ovttotc  ;  cf. 
(jLyiroTe  in  the  text.  9.  yap,  postpositive  ;  com- 
pare enim  in  Latin.  10.  Observe  the  peculiar 
Greek  idiom. 

KaT€<rTq  €ls  rr\v  paoriXeiav  :  regno  potitus  est.  f/e  was 
persuaded  by  Tissaphernes :  a  Tissapherne  ei  persuasum 
est.  cos  diroKTCvciiv  :  hoc  consilio  ut  eum  interficeret ;  or, 
dicens  se  eum  interfecturum.  Instead  of  his  In-other :  fra- 
tris  loco.  €Trl  tw  d8€\<|>w  :  in  fratris  potestate.  \v  Svvt]- 
rai :  si  fieri  possit.      Translate  10  and  11  into  Latin. 


6  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE  III. 

FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  1,  5,  6. 

a.  isi%  and  on  with  Superlative.     H.  651. 

b.  Final  Clauses  with  tm,  etc.     1365  ;  H.  881. 

c.  Article  with  Attributive  Phrase.    952,  959  ;  H. 

666  c, 

d.  ^(TT€  with  Infinitive  expressing  Result.     1449 

-50  ;   H.  927,  953. 

I.  The  men  from  the  king  came  to  Cyrus. 
2.  And  he  so  treated  them  that^  they  were 
friendly  to  him.  3.  They  were  friendly. rather 
to  him  than  to  the  king.  4.  The  barbarians 
2  with  him  are  competent  to  wage  war.  5.  And 
they  are  all  v/ell  disposed  to  Cyrus.  6.  The 
Greek  force  ^is  assembling.  7.  The  king  is 
*  wholly  unprepared.  8.  Cyrus  collected  his 
force  secretly^  ^so  as  to  take  the  king  un- 
prepared.    9.   He  has   a  garrison  in  the  city. 


FOR  ORAL   TRANSLATION  7 

lO.  He  directs  the  garrison  commanders  to  take 
the  very  best  men.  ii.  Tissaphernes  is  plot- 
ting against  the  Ionian  cities.  12.  They  were 
originally  his.  13.  For"^  the  king  gave  them 
to  him.      14.  But  now^  they  ^belong  to  Cyrus. 

I.  ojcrre  ;  with  what  mood  ?  2.  "With  him," 
an  attributive  phrase  hmiting  "barbarians." 
3.  See  Ex.  i,  10,  and  note.  4.  Not  to  be 
literally  translated.  5.  Use  the  participle. 
6.  A  purpose  clause.  7.  See  Ex.  2,  note  9. 
8.  vvv.     9.  Are  of  Cyrus, 

They  are  well  disposed  to  Cyrus :  bono  erga  Cyrum  animo 
sunt.  He* cotnviaiids  thevi  to  take :  imperat  eis  ut  compa- 
rent ;  or,  eos  iubet  comparare.  wotts  avrw  4>i\ovs  clvai  : 
ut  sibi  essent  amici.  iKavol  tto\€(x€iv  :  idonei  ad  bellum 
gerendum.  on  PcXtio-tovs  :  quam  optimos.  Rather  to 
him  than  to  the  king :  sibi  magis  quam  regi.  oti  dxapa- 
o-KcvoTarov:  quam  maxime  imparatum.  Translate  13  and 
14  into  Latin. 


8  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE  IV. 

FOR  WRITTEN  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  1,  i-6. 

1 .  When  Dareios  was  sick,  ^  the  elder  of  his 
two  sons  was  with  him,  but  ^the  younger  ^  hap- 
pened to  be  in  the  province  of  which  Dareios 
^had  made  him  satrap.*  Accordingly  he  sent 
for  him,  and  he  went  up  with^  Xenias,  a  Par- 
rhasian,  ^  who  was  commander  of  three  hundred 
Greek  hoplites.  j 

2.  "^On  the  death  of  Dareios,  Artaxerxes 
became  king.  Now  when  he  ^had  arrested 
his  brother,  ^  intending'  to'^'disgrace  him,  Pary^ 
satis,  their  mother,  begged  Cyrus  off.  /  But 
when  he  had  gone  back  to  his  province,  he 
plotted  against  the  king  his  brother,  ^with  the 
avowed    intention    of    reigning    in    his    stead. 

3.  All  the  barbarians  who^  were®  with  him 
he   so  treated   that  they  were  well  disposed  to 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  9 

him,  and  he  planned  ^^to  have  a  Greek  force 
^^  assemble  in  the  cities,  ^^in  order  that  he 
might  make  war  ^^  upon  Artaxerxes. 

I.  Use  y,iv  and  3e  in  these  two  clauses, 
being  careful  about  their  position.  2.  See 
Ex.  I,  note  2.  3.  Aorist.  4.  Predicate 
accusative.  5.  Having.  6.  Express  the  rela- 
tive clause  by  a  participle.  7.  Recast  the 
phrase  before  translating.  8.  Future  parti- 
ciple; wither  without  ws  .^  9.  Omit.  \o.  That 
a  Greek  force  should  assemble.  11.  Cf .  ek 
TreStW  aOpoL^ovTaL.  12.  See  Ex.  3,  note  6. 
13.   Dative. 

Oh  the  death  of  Dareios :  cum  Dareus  mortuus  esset. 
In  order  that  he  might  make  war  upon  Artaxerxes :  ut  Ar- 
taxerxi  bellum  inferret.  Intending  to  disgrace :  dedeco- 
randi  consilio.     ///  his  stead :  eius  loco,  not  eius  in  loco. 


lo  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE  V. 

FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  1,  7,  8. 

a.  Pronominal  Article.     981  ;  H.  654. 

b.  a>o-T€  with  Indicative.      1449-50  ;   H.  927. 

c.  Infinitive  with  Article.     955,  i  ;   H.  959. 

d.  Participle  in  Indirect  Discourse.  1588;  H.  982. 

I.  Tissaphernes  became  aware  beforehand^ 
that  men  2  were  revolting  to  Cyrus.  2.  And 
this  was  a  pretext  ^for  killing  some  and  banish- 
ing others.  3.  But  Cyrus  took  ^  under  his  pro- 
tection ^thoh.e  who  were  banished.  4.  And 
^he  had  this  pretext  ^for  besieging  Miletos 
both  by  land  and  by  sea.  5.  He  did  not  wish^ 
Tissaphernes  to  rule  over  those  cities.  6.  But 
he  claimed  ''that  the  king  should  give  them  to 
him.  7.  He  was  the  king's  brother.  8.  The 
king  thought  "that  Cyrus  was  collecting  an 
army  ^  because  he  was  at  war  with   Tissapher- 


FOR  ORAL    TRANSLATION  II 

nes.  9.  Consequently^  he  was  not  displeased 
^^at  Cyrus's  collecting  an  army.  10.  But  Cyrus 
^^was  plotting  against  him. 

I.   Expressed   in    the    prefix    of   the    verb. 

2.  Omit,  as  implied  in  the  Greek  participle. 

3.  Cf.  Tov  dOpoLt,eLv.  4.  T/ic  [o/ies]  fleeing. 
5.  This  was  a  pretext  to  hijn.  6.  It  is  assumed 
that  the  learner  will  be  able  to  recall  words 
of  very  common  occurrence.  7.  Accusative 
with  infinitive.  8.  Use  participle  agreeing 
with  *' Cyrus."  9.  So  that.  10.  Cf.  aL-rw 
TToAe/Aowrcov.  1 1 .  Use  the  verb  correspond- 
ing to  €7nl3ovXrjv. 

Some  .  .  .  others  :  partim  .  ,  .  partim.  By  land  and  sea  : 
terra  marique.  He  was  not  displeased :  non  moleste  fere- 
bat.  Becojne  azvare  beforehand :  The  prefix  irpo-  of  the 
Greek  verb  becomes  prae  in  Latin,  praesentio.  Those  udio 
were  banished :  in  exsilium  actos.  Translate  8  into  Latin, 
and  mark  the  difference  whether  you  express  the  last  clause 
by  the  indicative  or  subjunctive  with  quod.  Translate  10 
into  Latin.     What  case  does  insidior  take  ? 


BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE  VI. 

FOR   ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  1,  9,  10. 


a, 


Adverbial  Accusative.      1060  ;   H.  719. 

b.  Predicate  Adjective  for  Adverb.     926  ;  H.  619. 

c.  Genitive  with  Adverb  of  Place.    1 148  ;  PI.  757. 
iL  Two  Accusatives  after  Verbs  of  Asking,  etc. 

1069  ;   H.  724. 

I.  Klearchos  collected  another  army  for 
Cyrus.  2.  This  army  was  collected  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner.  3.  Cyrus  ^became  acquainted 
with  Klearchos.  4.  And  he  gave  him  ^a  large 
sum  of  money.  5.  With  this  money  Klearchos 
supported  his^  soldiers.  6.  Now^  the  Thra- 
cians  ^that  lived  beyond  the  Hellespont  were 
at  war  with  Klearchos.  7.  But  Greeks  also 
lived  in  the  Chersonesos  ^that  is  opposite 
Abydos.  8.  These  Greeks  willingly  "^  contrib- 
uted money  for  the  support  of  an  army.    9.  And 


FOR  ORAL    TRANSLATION  13 

thus  two  armies  ^  were  secretly  supported  for 
Cyrus.  10.  Aristippos  ^happens  to  be  hard 
pressed  by  his  opponents  ^^in  Thessaly. 
1 1.  And  he  asks  Cyrus  for  four  months'  pay. 

I.  Cf.  TOTJTo) o-vyyevo/Ltei/os.  2.  Much  (ttoAus) 
money.  3.  Use  the  article  only.  4.  8e.  5.  Use 
the  participle.  6.  Not  a  relative  clause  in 
Greek.  7.  Willing.  8.  a.Tp€<f>6^evovlXdvOa.vev. 
9.   See  Ex.  l,  <r.      10.   Position  of  this  phrase? 

In  the  following  inan)ie7' :  in  hunc  modum.  Were  secretly 
stipported :  clam  alebantur.  Willingly:  sua  sponte.  A 
large  Sinn  of  money :  magnam  pecuniam.  Translate  11  into 
Latin.  Remember  that  peto  does  not  take  an  accusative  of 
the  person. 


/xaxatpa- 


14         BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE  VII. 

FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  1,  lo,  n. 

a.  Dative  of  Possession.      1173  ;  H.  768. 

b.  Dative  of  Approach.      1175,  1177  ;   H.  772. 

c.  Genitive   with  Words  of   Superiority.      11 20; 

H.  749- 

d.  TTpiv  with  Subjunctive  and  Optative.      147 1,  2  ; 

H.  924. 

I.  Aristippos,  a  guest-friend  of  Cyrus,  was 
hard  pressed  by  his  opponents.  2.  So,  coming  ^ 
to  Cyrus,  he  asked  him  for  ^hoplites,  peltasts, 
and  two  months'  pay.  3.  ^^  I  will  give  you 
what  you  ask,"  said^  Cyrus.  4.  ''But  I  beg 
of  you  not  to  come  to  terms  with  them  yet." 
5.  Aristippos  got  the  better  of  his  oppo- 
nents, t  6.  But  he  did  not  wish  to  make  peace 
with  them  ^  till  he  should  consult  with  Cyrus. 
7.  ^And  so  he  secretly  maintained  a  force  for 


FOR  ORAL   TRANSLATIOX  15 

Cyrus.  8.  Proxenos  also^  was  Cyrus's'^  guest- 
friend.  9.  Him  Cyrus  asked  to  march  into 
the  country  of  the  Pisidians.  10.  These  were" 
causing  trouble  to  Cyrus's  district.  11.  And 
Sokrates  also  came  with  as  many  men  as  pos- 
sible. 12.  Cyrus  requested  him  to  come, 
^because,  as  he  said,  he  was  to  make  war  on 
the  Pisidians.  13.  ^With  the  aid  of  Sophainetos 
he  made  war  on  Tissaphernes. 

I.  Having  come.  2.  See  Ex.  6,  ^.  3.  €(^77. 
4.  TTpoaOev  .  .  .  Trptv  with  optative.  5.  Kat. 
6.  Acat* ;  before  or  after  the  noun?  7.  What 
case?  8.  As  being  ahoict  to  make  war.  9.  Cf. 
uvv  TOi<s  ^vyacrt. 

IVi^/i  as  many  men  as  possible:  cum  militum  quam 
maximo  numero.  Because,  as  he  said,  he  was  going  to  make 
war :  quod  bellum  illaturus  esset.  What  has  become  of 
"as  he  said"  in  the  Latin?  Cf.  note  in  Ex.  5.  To  make 
war  on  any  o?te :  alicui  bellum  inferre.  Translate  5  into 
Latin.    "  To  march,"  not  infinitive. 


1 6  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE  VIII. 

FOR  WRITTEN  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  1,  7-11. 

1 .  Cyrus  ^  was  secretly  plotting  against  the 
king  his  brother,  and  he  found  many  pretexts 
2  for  collecting  troops.  Being  at  war  with 
Tissaphernes,  he  besieged  Miletos  ^with  the 
avowed  intention  of  restoring  the  exiles 
whom  Tissaphernes  had  banished  from  that 
city. 

2.  And  so  the  king  did  not  perceive  that^ 
Cyrus  was  raising  an  army  ^for  the  purpose 
of  warring  against  him;  for  the  tribute^  accru- 
ing from  the  cities  which  "happened  to  be  ^in 
the  power  of  Tissaphernes  was  sent  to  Arta- 
xerxes  by  Cyrus. 

3.  Cyrus  also  gave  money  to  Klearchos,  a 
Lakedaimonian  in  the  Chersonesos,  and  to 
Aristippos,  a  Thessalian,  ^  who  were  his  guest- 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  17 

friends,  for  the  support  of  soldiers.  Thus 
three  armies  ^^were  secretly  supported  for 
him. 

I.  Escaped  notice  plotting ;  see  Ex.  6,  9. 
2.  Of  the  coUectiiig  (vi\^m\\v€) .  3.  See  Ex.  2,  6 
and  note  5.  4.  ort.  5.  Use  future  participle 
agreeing  with  "  Cyrus."  6.  Use  the  plural. 
7.  See  Ex.  l,r.  8.  Cf.  Ex.  2,  note  10.  9.  Being, 
10.   Cf.  note  I. 

Pretexts  for  collecting  troops :  praetexta  militis  cogendi. 
For  the  support  of  soldiers  :  ad  milites  alendos.  Translate 
the  first  sentence  of  2  into  Latin.  Perceive :  animadv6rto. 
Was  raising  (to  be  raising)  :  cogo.  For  the  purpose^  etc.  : 
ad  .  .  .  gerendum ;   and  how  else  ? 


1 8  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    IX. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  2,  i,  2. 

a.  Participle  as  Noun.      1560  ;   H.  966. 

h.   Future  Conditions  (more  vivid).    1403 ;  H.  898. 

c.  Genitive  with  Verbs   of   Ruling,  etc.      1109  ; 

H.  741. 

d.  Attraction    (Incorporation)     of    Antecedent. 

1037;   H.-995. 

I .  ^  Cyrus  now  resolved  to  march  inland. 
2.  And  he  collected  his  Greek  and  barbarian 
forces.^  3.  Then  Klearchos  came  with^  an 
army.  4.  Cyrus  directed  him  to  expel  the 
Pisidians  from  their  country.  5.  He  directed 
Aristippos  to  become  reconciled  with  ^  his 
people.  6.  ''Send  to  me,"  said^  Cyrus,  ''what 
army  you  have."  7.  Xenias  commanded  ^  those 
who  guarded  the  citadels.  8.  He  decided'^  to 
obey  Cyrus  and  come  with   as   many  soldiers 


FOR  ORAL    TRANSLATION  19 

as  possible.  9.  AlP  the  Greek  generals  had 
confidence  in  Cyrus.  10.  For  he  promised  to 
restore  them  to  their  homes.  11.  ^  If  he  is 
able,  he  will  restore  you  to  your  homes. 

I.  It  seemed  best  to  Cyrus.  2.  Omit.  3.  Either 
of  two  participles  may  be  used.  4.  Those  at 
home.  5.  €</»/.  6.  Cf.  tov^  TroXtopKovvraS'  7.  Cf. 
note  I.  8.  Tras.  9.  The  text  has  et  with  the 
optative,  a  quoted  sentence  after  a  secondary 
tense.     Use  here  idv  with  the  subjunctive. 

//  seemed  best:  visum  est.  To  expel :  ut  eiceret.  To 
become  reconciled  with  :  redire  in  gratiam  cum.  Had  confi- 
dence in  Cyrns:  Cyro  fidem  habebant.  He  will  restoi'e  you 
to  your  homes :  vos  domum  reducet.  He  promised  to  restore 
them :  promisit  se  eos  reducturum.  Translate  6  and  8 
into  Latin.  "What  army":  %v  hat  of  army.  Decide:  con- 
stituo  or  decerno;  or  see  note  i. 


20         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    X. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  2,  3-5. 

a.  Genitive  of  Source.      1130;   H.  750. 

b.  Instrumental  Dative.      1181;   H.  776. 

c.  ws  with  Names  of  Persons.     1220,  8  ;  H.  722,  ^. 

d.  Position  of  ovto%  with  Article.     974;   H.  673. 

I .  The  men  ^  from  the  cities  ^  arrived  at 
Sardis.  2.  Proxenos  and  Xenias  v^ere  present 
with  fifty-five  hundred  men.  3.  Sophainetos 
and     Sokrates    had     about    sixteen     hundred. 

4.  Tissaphernes    observed    these    movements.^ 

5.  And  he  thought  that  these  armies  v^ere 
^too    large   to   be   used   against   the   Pisidians. 

6.  ^With  this  idea  he  proceeded  as  rapidly  as 
possible  to  the  king.  7.  The  king,  hearing^ 
from  Tissaphernes  of  the  preparation  against" 
him,^  was  very"  angry.     8.  Then   he   ordered 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  21 

an  army  to  be  collected  ^with  all  speed. 
9.  When  Cyrus  had  heard  that  his  troops  were 
all  present  in  Sardis,  he  set  out.  10.  Starting^ 
from  that  city,  he  marched  to  the  Maeander 
river.  11.  This  river  was  in  Lydia,  and  there 
was  a  pontoon  bridge  upon  it. 

1.  Omit.  2.  Notice  in  the  text  three  verbs 
used  to  express  this  idea.  3.  Larger  than  as 
if  against.  4.  Haviiig  thought  this.  5.  This 
use  of  the  present  participle  in  English  must 
not  be  imitated  in  Greek  ;  use  the  aorist. 
6.  Hiinself ;  put  "  against  him  "  in  the  attrib- 
'  utive  position.  7.  /xaXto-ra.  8.  Not  to  be 
translated  literally. 

As  quickly  as  possible:  quam  celerrime  poterat.  He 
heard  fro7Ji  Socrates  of  the  preparation  :  a  Socrate  de  appa- 
ratu  certior  factus  est.  Starting  from  Sardis  :  Sardibus 
profectus.  Annies  .  .  .  too  large  to  he  used :  copias  .  .  . 
maiores  quam  quae  usurparentur.  translate  i  and  9  into 
Latin. 


2  2  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XI. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  6,  7. 

a.  Predicate  Position  of /xecros.     978;   H.  671. 

b.  Imperfect    of    Customary    Action.      1253,    2; 

H.  830. 

c.  Conditional  Relative  Clauses.     General  Sup- 

positions.    1 431;  H.  914,  j5. 

I.  Cyrus  crossed  the  Maeander  river. 
2.  ^  After  one  day's  march  through  Phrygia, 
he  came  to  Kolossai.  3.  Kolossai  was  a  large 
and  prosperous  city.  4.  Thither  came  Menon 
with  fifteen  hundred  soldiers.  5.  Another  city 
of  Phrygia,  where  Cyrus  had  a  park,  was  Kelai- 
nai.  6.  At^  Kelainai  were  the  sources  of  the 
Maeander  river.  7.  Here  Cyrus  used  to  hunt 
wild  animals  ^on  horseback  in  his"*  park. 
8.  ^Whenever  he  exercised  his  horses,  he 
hunted  wild  animals.     9.  ^  Whenever  he  hunts 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  23 

wild  animals,  he  goes^  into  this  park.  10.  The 
park  which  I  have  mentioned  was  in  the  middle 
of  the  city.  1 1 .  And  it  had  the  Maeander 
river  flowing  through  its  centre. 

I.  Recast  the  phrase  before  translating. 
2.  Iv.  3.  Why  is  (XTro  with  the  genitive  used  ? 
4.  See  Ex.  i,  note  5.  5.  A  general  supposi- 
tion, past  time.  6.  A  general  supposition, 
present  time  ;  use  oTrorav.     7.  €/oxo/>tat. 

On  horseback:  ex  equo  or  vectus  equo.  Whenever  he 
hunted  tvild  animals  :  quotiens  feras  venaretur.  To  JCo- 
lossai  :  Colossas.  At  R^elainai:  Celaenis.  iroXis  oIkovjjlcvt]: 
urbs  incolis  frequens.  TrapdSewros  (game-park):  vivarium. 
Translate  6  and  10  into  Latin. 


2  4  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XII. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  i  -  7, 

1.  When  Cyrus  promised  the  Greek  generals 
not  to  stop  tilP  he  should  arrive  among  the 
Pisidians,  they  decided  ^  to  put  confidence  in 
him.  Accordingly  they  assembled  with  ^  such 
armies  as  they  had. 

2.  But  Tissaphernes  thought  that  Cyrus  was 
not  'Agoing  to  march  against  the  Pisidians,  but 
against  the  king  himself  ;  and  the  king,  hear- 
ing^ this  from  Tissaphernes,  ^made  his  pre- 
parations in  turn. 

3.  I  have  mentioned  what  forces  Cyrus  had. 
With  these  he  started  from  ^  Sardis  and  marched 
on  as  rapidly  as  possible.  ^  Whenever  he  arrived 
at  a  large  city,  he  halted  for  a  few  ^  days.  But 
^^when  he  reached  his  palace  in  Kelainai,  he 
remained  five  days,  and  hunted  wild  animals  in 
the  park  with  Klearchos. 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION 


25 


I.  Cf.  Ex.  7,  note  4.  2.  Cf.  Ex.  9,  note  i. 
3.  Cf.  o(TOv  y]V  avT(3  aTpdrevfJia.  4.  About  to 
march,  future  infinitive.  5.  Cf.  Ex.  10,  note  5. 
6.  Prepared  himself .  7.  e^ordTro?  8.  See  Ex. 
II,  note  5.  9.  6Xtyo9.  10.  Not  a  general, 
but  a  particular  supposition. 

Hearing  this  from  Tissaphernes :  ubi  de  his  rebus  a 
Tissapherne  certior  factus  est.  /  //<?7'^  mentioned  what 
forces  Cyrus  had:  dixi  quas  copias  haberet  Cyrus.  To 
arrive  at:  pervenire  ad.  Translate  the  first  sentence  of  2 
into  Latin.  "  That  Cyrus  was  not  going  to  march  "  :  Cyrus 
not  to  be  about  to  march. 


apfxa. 


26  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XIII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  8,  g. 

a.  VTTO  with  Dative.      1219,  2;  H.  808,  2. 
■h.   Genitive  of  Measure.      1094,  5;   H.  732,  a. 
c.    Neuter    Plural  with    Singular  Verb.     899,  2 ; 
H.  604. 

I.  The  source  1  of  the  river  Marsyas  is  at 
the  foot  of  the  acropolis.  2.  ^And  near  it 
the  Great  King^  had  a  large  palace.  3.  This 
palace,  which  was  built  by  Xerxes,  was  fortified. 
4.  At  this  place  the  width  of  the  Marsyas  was 
thirty-two  feet.  5.  And  near  this  river  Apollo 
is  said  to  have  ^contended  with  Marsyas, 
whom  ^he  defeated  and  flayed.  6.  The  skin 
of  the  luckless^  Marsyas  he  hung  up  in  a 
cave.  7.  And  for  this  reason  they  called  the 
river  Marsyas.  8.  I  When  Xerxes  had  been 
defeated  in  battle,  he  built  the  palace  in  Kelai- 


FOR   ORAL    TRANSLATION  27 

nai.  9.  He  had  been  defeated  in  Greece,  and 
built  the  palace  ^during  his  retreat.  10.  Here 
an  enumeration  of  the  Greeks  was  made. 
1 1 .  The  hoplites  all  told  ^  amounted  to  ^^  about 
eleven  thousand. 

I.  Plural.  2.  Near  which^  irapd  with  Dative. 
3.  Cf.  Kv/oo)  a  few  lines  back.  4.  Cf.  ipc^ovrd 
ol.  5.  Having  defeated^  he  flayed,  6.  drvx^s. 
7.  Clause  with  ot^.^  or  participle  ;  what  word 
should  come  first  in  Greek?  8.  When  he  was 
retreating.     9.   Omit.      10.   Cf.   d/x</)t   tov^  Sto-- 

At  the  foot  of  the  Acropolis  :  sub  arce.  IpC^co  rtvi :  certo, 
or  contendo,  cum  aliquo.  Whom  he  defeated  and  flayed : 
cui,  cum  eum  vicisset,  pellem  detraxit.  diroxcopciv :  se 
recipere.  Translate  7  and  8  into  Latin.  Why  can  you  not 
say  Xerxe  victo  ? 


28  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XIV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  lo,  n. 

a.  Cognate  Accusative.     105 1;  H.  715. 

b.  Accusative  of  Extent.      1062;   H.  720. 

c.  Predicate  Nominative.     907;   H.  595,  b. 

d.  The    Negatives    ov    and   /x?/.      1607-13;    H. 

1018-25. 

I.  Thence  he  marches  on  five  days'  march, 
twenty-five  parasangs.  2  But  he  stayed  four 
days  at  ^  Peltai.  3.  Peltai  was^  an  inhabited 
city.  4.  Here  Xenias  ^celebrated  the  Lykaia 
with  sacrifices.  5.  And  the  games  which  he 
held  were  viewed  by  Cyrus.  6.  At  ^  Kayster 
Plain  the  soldiers  demanded  their  wages. 
7.  They  often  went  to  Cyrus's  quarters.  8.  For 
three  months'  pay  was  due  them.  9.  More  than 
two  months'  pay^  is  due  the  Greeks.  10.  But 
Cyrus,  ^  having,  no  money,  can  not  pay  them.^ 


'FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  29 

1 1 .  Cyrus  was  troubled,  ^  because  he  had  not 
the  money  due  the  soldiers.  12.  ^Evidently 
he  wished  to  pay  the  soldiers.^  13.  For  ^^he 
always  ^^  paid  when  he  had  the  money.  14.  And 
he  spoke  hopefully. 

I.  cV.  2.  Note  the  plural  subject.  3.  Sac- 
rificed the  Lykaia.  5.  The  subject.  6.  Not 
having.  7.  Omit.  8.  He  was  evident  wishifig. 
9.  Not  accusative.  10.  Cf.  c^ovra  dTroStSovat. 
II.   aei 

AtPeltai:  Peltis.  To  Peltai :  V^\\.2.s.  To  Cyrus's  quar- 
ters :  ad  praetorium  Cyri.  Spoke  hopefully :  spes  propo- 
nebat.  Evidently  he  wished:  apparebat  eum  cupere. 
a)<()6t\€T0  :  debebatur.     Translate  7  into  Latin. 


30  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITfON 

EXERCISE    XV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  12-14. 

a.  Apposition.     911;   H.  623. 
h.    Infinitive  in  Indirect  Discourse.    1522  ;  H.  946. 
c.    Personal  and  Impersonal  Constructions.   1522, 
2;  H.  944. 

I.  While  1  Cyrus  was  in  Kayster  Plain,  Epy- 
axa  came  there.  2.  She  was  said  to  be  the  wife 
of  Syennesis.  3.  Who  was  king  of  the  whole 
country  of  the  Kilikians.  4.  She  gave  Cyrus 
a  good  deal  of  money.  5.  And  the  soldiers 
received  2  four  months'  pay.  6.  It  was  said 
that  Epyaxa  had  a  body-guard  about  her. 
7.  The  Kilikian  queen  ^  begged  of  Cyrus  to 
hold^  a  review  of  the  army.  8.  It  is  said 
that  Cyrus  was  willing  to  display  the  army  to 
Epyaxa.  9.  But  he  did  not  hold  the  review 
till^  he  came  to  another  city.      10.   Epyaxa  had 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  31 

not  yet  left  Cyrus,  but  proceeded  with  him  to 
Thymbrion.  1 1 .  There  was  a  spring  ^  beside 
the  road.  12.  Near  it  Midas,  King  of  the 
Phrygians,  caught  the  Satyr.  13.  He  is  said  to 
have  mixed  '^wine  with  the  spring.  14.  There- 
fore this  was  called  Midas's  spring. 

I.  €(05.  2.  XafJif3avo).  3.  Omit.  4.  Not  €;)((o. 
5.  TTpLv  with  the  indicative.  6.  Why  is  the  accu- 
sative used  here  with  Trapa?  7.  T/ie  spring 
with  wifte. 

A  good  deal  of  inoney :  magna ^^ecunia.  Cf.  Matt,  xxvni, 
12,  "And  they  gave  large  money  unto  the  soldiers."  Trans- 
late into  Latin  Kal  cXc-yero  Kvpw  SoOvai  yj^^}^^TO.  iroXXd. 
Translate  7  into  Latin.  Of  Cyrus :  accusative,  or  a  with 
ablative,  according  as  you  use  rogo  or  peto.  To  hold :  not 
infinitive.     Hold  a  review  :  ostendo. 


32  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XVI. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  2,  8  - 14. 

1.  Cyrus  remained  twenty  days  near  the 
Marsyas  river,  ^  which  is  about  twenty-four 
feet  wide.  Here  Apollo  is  said  to  have  de- 
feated Marsyas.  Here  also  Xerxes,  ^on  his 
retreat  from  Greece,  built  a  palace. 

2.  While  ^  Cyrus  was  marching  on  through 
the  country,  he  held  two  reviews  of  the  army, 
one*  of  the  Greeks  *and  the  other  of  both^ 
Greeks  and  barbarians.  The  review  ^  at  Tyriaion 
he  held  ''because  he  wished  to  display  his  army 
to  Epyaxa. 

3.  ^  Now  she  had  given  him  money,  and 
he  had  paid  his  soldiers  with^  this  money. 
For  he  owed  them  more  than  three  months' 
wages,  and  ^^was  annoyed  because  ^^  he  could 
not  pay  them;  for  it  was  not  in  his  character 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION  2^^ 

not  to  be  annoyed  when  ^^  he  had  no  ^'''  money 
for^^  the  wages  of  his  soldiers. 

I.  Of  which  the  widths  etc.  2.  Whe7i  he 
was  7r treating.  3.  cws.  4.  rr^v  ixiv  .  .  .  rrjv 
Se.  5.  Kat.  6.  Put  "at  Tyriaion "  in  the 
attributive  position.  7.  JVishing.  8.  avrr)  Sy. 
9.  ctTTo.  Cf.  Ex.  6,  5.  10.  Use  the  imperfect. 
II.  ort.  12.  oTTOTc  with  optative  ;  conditional 
relative  sentence,  general  supposition.  13.  Alot; 
ov  or  /XT/  ?      14.  ets. 

One  .  .  .  ///^  o//ier :  alter  .  .  .  alter.  Il  was  not  in  his 
character :  non  erat  ex  eius  moribus.  While  Cyrus  was 
marching:  dum  Cyrus  iter  facit.  Observe  that  the  Latin 
uses  the  present  of  a  past  act  after  dum.  Because  he  wished : 
Mark  the  difference  between  quod  vellet  and  quod  volebat. 
How  would  the  former  be  expressed  in  Greek  ?  Translate  i 
into  Latin.  N'ear:  prope.  Width  :  latitudo.  "  Which  is 
.  .  .  wide  ":  of  which  the  width  is.  Feet :  the  construction  is 
the  same  as  in  Greek.     Palace :  regia. 


34  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XVII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  S,  15,  16. 

a.  Inceptive  Aorist.      1260;   H.  841. 

b.  €7rt  with  Genitive.    12 10,  i,  ^j,  r  ;  H.  799,  i,  ^,  ^. 

c.  Kara  with  Accusative.     i2ii,2,r;   H.  800,  2,  z^. 

d.  Difference    between    Aorist    and    Imperfect. 

1259;  H.  829,  836. 

I.  It  v^as  the  custom  of  ^  the  Greeks  to  be 
drawn  up  for  battle  four  deep.  2,  And  each 
commander  marshalled  ^  his  own  men.  3.  Menon 
and  ^his  division  took  their  stand  ^on  the  right. 
4.  It  is  said  that  Klearchos  and  ^  his  men  held 
the  left.  5.  While  ^  the  other  generals  were 
said  to  occupy  '^  the  centre.  6.  The  barbarians 
were  drawn  up  ^by  troops  and  by  companies. 

7.  And   thus    arranged  they  passed  in  review. 

8.  The    Greeks,   however,    did    not    march    by 
Cyrus    and    Epyaxa.      9.    ^  But    they,    on    the 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  35 

contrary,  rode  past  the  whole  Greek  ^^  line, 
io.  1^  Cyrus  rode  in  his  chariot,  but  Epyaxa  in 
her  carriage.  1 1 .  The  shields  of  all  the  Greeks 
were  uncovered  ^  as  if  for  battle. 

I.  To.  2.  The  [mm']  of  himself,  3.  The 
[meti]  with  hi77t,  4..  iv  Se^ta  (sc.  x^^pO-  5-  ^^^ 
[men]  of  him.  6.  Si.  7.  In  this  exercise  are 
several  instances  of  synonymous  English 
words  used  for  the  same  Greek  word.  8.  Cf. 
Kara  yrjv  koI  Kara  OdXarrav.  9.  ovtol  Si.  lO.  Of 
the  Greeks.  11.  Put  /xeV  and  Si  in  their  appro- 
priate places.      12.    (oo-Trep. 

Four  deep:  in  quaternos.  Menon  and  his  division  :  Menon 
cum  suis.  Drawn  tip  by  troops  and  by  companies  :  turma- 
tim  et  centuriatim  instruct!.  To  ride  by  in  a  chariot: 
curru  praetervehi.  Translate  4  into  Latin  in  two  ways. 
Left:  laevum. 


36  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XVIII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  2,  17,  18. 

a.  Constriictio  Praegna7is .      1225;  H.  788. 

b.  Omission  of  Subject.     897,  4;  H.  602,  c, 

c.  Participle  denoting  Time.      1563,1;   H.  968. 

d.  Position  of  the  Partitive  Genitive.     965;    H. 

730,  d, 

I.  When  Cyrus  ^had  stopped  his  chariot  in 
front  of  the  Greeks,  he'sent  Pigres  to  Klearchos. 

2.  Now  Pigres,  a  Persian,  v^as  his  interpreter. 

3.  ^As  his  custom  was,  he  sent  an  interpreter 
to  the  Greeks.  4.  The  Greeks  ^at  his  com- 
mand threw  forward  their  arms  with  a  shout. 

5.  And     after     this     they    advanced     rapidly. 

6.  When  the  trumpet  sounded,  the  whole  line 
advanced.  7.  And  great '^  was  the  terror  of 
the  Kilikian  queen.  8.  ^The  men  in  the  tents 
abandoned  their  arms  and  fled.     9.   It  is  said 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION 


37 


that  the  Kilikian  queen  admired  the  discipline 
of  the  army.  lo.  And  Cyrus  is  said  to  have 
been  pleased  ^when  he  saw  the  terror  of  the 
barbarians. 

I.  See  Ex.  2,  a,  2.  Cf.  Ex.  17,  i.  3.  Having 
been  ordered  by  him.  4.  Mnch.  5.  Cf.  ol  Ik 
Trj<s  dyopa?,  k.  t.  A.      6.   Having  seen. 


As  his  custom  zvas :  sicut  ei  mos  erat.  When  the  trumpet 
sounded:  cum  classicum  cecinisset.  Abandoned  their  arms 
and  fled:  armis  relictis  fugiebant.  Translate  10  into 
Latin.      To  have  been  pleased :  use  laetor. 


TpLi]py]s. 


3^         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XIX. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  2,  19,  20. 

a.  Infinitive  of  Purpose.      1532;   H.  951. 

b.  (OS  with  Participle.      1574;   H.  978. 

c.  Adverbial  Accusative.     to6o;   H.  719. 

I.  Thence  he  marches  on  through  Phry- 
gia  four  days'  march,  tv^enty-five  parasangs. 
2.  And  remained  in  Ikonion,  a  frontier  city,  two 
days.  3.  From  this  border  city  he  marched 
into  the  country  of  Lykaonia.  4.  Lykaonia 
was  plundered  ^on  the  ground  that  it  was 
hostile.  5.  Cyrus  gave  it  up  to  the  Greeks 
to  plunder.  6.  Thence  he  marched  on  to 
Dana  by  the  shortest  road.  7.  ^From  there 
he  sent  Menon  with  the  Kilikian  queen  to 
Kilikia.  8.  There  he  put  Megaphernes  to 
death  ^because  he  was  plotting  against  him.* 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  39 

9.  ^  At  any  rate,  he  charged  him  ^  with  plotting 
against  him.  10.  This  Megaphernes  was  a 
wearer  of  the  royal  purple.  11.  A  certain 
other  nobleman,  too,'''  was  charged  ^  with  being 
hostile  to  Cyrus.  12.  And  having  been  accused 
by  Cyrus,  he  was  executed. 

I.  As  being  hostile ;  not  accusative.  2.  Ex- 
press ''from  there"  by  one  word.  3.  As 
plotting  agaiiist ;  cf .  (05  TroAe/xtav  ovcrav.  4.  ITim- 
self.  5.  ow,  postpositive.  What  is  a  com- 
moner meaning  of  this  particle  ?  6.  Infinitive, 
indirect  discourse.     7.   Kai 

TTjv  TQ.yJi<Trr\v  686v  :  via  brevissima.  Gave  it  up  ...  to 
plunder :  earn  diripiendam  permisit.  Would  the  infinitive 
diripi  have  the  same  force  as  the  gerundive  ?  At  any  rate : 
utique,  or  quomodocunque  {haivever)^  res  sese  habet. 
Translate  8  into  Latin.  Why  the  subjunctive  after  quod  ? 
Rernember  that  insidior  requires  the  dative. 


40  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XX. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  2,  15-20. 

1.  When  Cyrus  ^was  reviewing  his  army  at 
Tyriaion,  ^the  barbarians  marched  past  him, 
but  he  in  his  chariot  and  the  Kilikian  queen 
in  her  carriage  rode  along  in  front  of  the 
Greeks.  Now  the  Greeks  were  drawn  up  by 
fours,  all  with^  bronze  helmets,  purple  tunics, 
and  greaves,  and  with  their  shields  uncovered  ; 
and  great  ^  was  the  splendor  of  the  array. 

2.  ^In  order  to  frighten  the  barbarians,  Cyrus 
ordered  the  whole  line  of  the  Greeks  to 
charge  ^with  their  weapons  advanced  ;  and  "as 
they  moved  forward  ^as  rapidly  as  they  could, 
the  barbarians  were  much  frightened.  Even 
the  Kilikian  queen  fled,  leaving^  Cyrus  behind. 
The  Greeks  were  pleased  ^^when  they  saw 
the  terror  of  the  barbarians,  and  came  with 
laughter  to  their  encampment. 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION 


41: 


I.  What  tense?  2.  See  Ex.  17,  note  11. 
3.  Having.  4.  Much,  5.  A  purpose  clause  ; 
see  Ex.  3,  h.  6.  Throwing  forward  their 
7veapons.  7.  Genitive  absolute.  8.  See  Ex. 
3,  a.  9.  See  Ex.  10,  note  5.  10.  Having 
seen. 


With  their  weapons  advanced :  armis  obiectis.  Leaving 
Cyrus  behind :  Cyro  relicto.  Translate  the  first  sentence  of 
2  into  Latin.      To  charge  :  use  procedo. 


To^6ri75. 


42  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXI. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  2,  21,  22. 

a.  Dative  of  Time.      1192;  H.  782. 

b.  Genitive  Absolute.     1152;  H.  970. 

c.  Conative  Imperfect.      1255;  H.  832. 

d.  Dative  of  Advantage  and  Disadvantage.     1 165 ; 

H.  767. 

I.  Then  Cyrus  wished  to  invade  Kihkia. 
2.  Now  ^he  heard  that  the  pass  was  a  very 
steep  carriage  road.  3.  And  impracticable  for 
him  to  enter,  because  ^  Syennesis  ^was  guard- 
ing it.  4.  But  Syennesis  did  not  stay  on  the 
heights.  -5.  A  messenger  ^told  Cyrus  ^that 
Syennesis  had  gone  down  to  the  plain.  6.  And 
Syennesis  had  indeed^  abandoned"  the  pass, 
because  ^he  heard  that  Menon  was  in  Kilikia. 

7.  Therefore  he  did  not  ^try  to  hinder  Cyrus. 

8.  ^  Since  no  one  was  guarding  the  pass,  the 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  43 

army  invaded  Kilikia.  9.  Also  Tamos  ^"^  hap- 
pened to  be  sailing  around  from  Ionia.  10.  He 
had  Cyrus's  triremes.  11.  Both  Greeks  and 
barbarians  ^^  were  pleased  to  see  a  well  watered 
plain.  12.  The  plain  was  full  of  wheat  and 
barley  from  the  mountain  to  the  sea. 

I.     Cf.      7]K0V€      .      .      .      Ta/XWV      €)(OVTa»         2.     OTt. 

3.  What  tense  ?  4.  Said  to  Cyrus,  5.  Cf. 
OTt  AeAotTTO)?  €177  5  why  optative  ?  6.  St;. 
7.  Aorist.  8.  "  Try  to  hinder"  may  be  ex- 
pressed in  two  ways.  9.  Express  by  the 
genitive  absolute  ;  no  ojie  guarding.  10.  See 
Ex.  I,  <r.      II.   Cf.  Ex.  18,  10  and  note. 

€l(rpdXX€tv  €ls  :  inrumpere  in.  He  heard  that  the  pass 
zvas :  audivit  aditum  esse.  Since  no  one  was  guarding: 
nullo  custodiente.  Translate  4  and  5  into  Latin.  Be  care- 
ful about  the  /^^^clause.  Go  down :  descendo.  Plain : 
planities. 


44         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  23-25. 

a.  Dative  of  Degree.     1184;  H.  781. 

b.  8ta  with  Genitive.      1206,  i;   H.  795,  i. 

c.  Accusative  of  Specification.      1058;   H.  718. 

d.  Genitive  with  Comparatives.      1153;   H.  755. 

^  There  ^  is  in  Kilikia  a  city,  Tarsus  by 
name.  2.  At  that  time  it  was  a  large  and 
flourishing  city,  full  of  provisions.  ^.  And 
through  this  city  flowed  a  river  three  plethra^ 
in  width.  4.  The  city  had  been  abandoned  by 
the  inhabitants  for  a  place  upon  the  mountains. 
^.^  The  tavern-keepers,  however,^  did  not  go 
up  to  the  mountains.  6.  But  they  stayed  in 
their  taverns.  TV  Epyaxa  went  down  into  the 
plain  ten  days  *  before  Syennesis.  8.  And  it 
was  said  that  she  arrived  in^  Tarsus  five  days 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  45 

before  Cyrus,  ^f  Two  companies  of  Menon's 
army  were  cut  to  pieces  in  the  mountains. 
lO.  Or  else^  they  were  unable  to  find  their 
way.  ^x^.  ^  At  any  rate,  one  hundred  hoplites 
perished.  12.  Some  say  they  were  cut  to  pieces 
because  they  were  plundering.  ^1:3.  Others, 
because  they  were  left  behind  by  the  rest  of 
the  army. 

I.  The  expletive  "there"  is  not  expressed 
in  Greek  or  in  Latin.  2.  See  Ex.  13,  a. 
3.  /xeWot,  postpositive  ;  recall  the  other  post- 
positives  that  have  occurred.  4.  Cf.  Trporipa 
Kvpov.  5.  Info;  why?  6.  Omit.  7.  See 
Ex.  19,  note  5. 

A  city  Tarsus  by  name :  urbs  nomine  Tarsi,  or  urbs  cui 
nomen  erat  Tarsis.  ///  widt/i :  latitudine  or  in  latitudi- 
nem.  Five  days  before  Cy7'tis :  quinque  ante  Cyrum  die- 
bus.  €v  rff  vircppoXff  t<ov  opwv  :  in  transeundis  montibus. 
So7ne  .  .  .  others :  alii  ,  ,  .  alii.     Translate  3  into  Latin. 


46  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXIII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  26-27. 

a.  Sta  with  Accusative.      1206,  2;   H.  795,  2. 

/.  Subject  of  Infinitive  omitted.     895,2;  H.  940. 

c,  /xera  with  Accusative.     12 12,  3  (/^);  H.  801,  3,  ^. 

d.  Infinitive  as  Object  (not  in  Indirect  Discourse). 

1519;  H.  948. 

I .  ^  Menon  gave  up  the  palace  ^  in  Tarsus  to 
his  army  to  plunder.  2.  The  soldiers  were 
angry  on  account  of  the  loss  of  their  comrades. 
3.  Syennesis  was  summoned  to  Cyrus.  4.  But 
he  was  unwilling  to  come  ^into  the  power  of 
Cyrus.  5.  For  he  said  that  Cyrus  was  ^superior 
to  him.  6.  But  when  his  ^  wife  ^  tried  to  per- 
suade him,  he  said  he  would  go.  Jj.  After 
that,  having  received  pledges,  he  went  to 
Cyrus.  8.  On  account  of  the  pledges,  Cyrus 
and   Syennesis   became  acquainted   with    each 


FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION 


47 


other.  9.  And  Cyrus  gives  him  a  golden 
necklace.  10.  Which  is  regarded  ""at  court 
as^  a  valuable  present.  11.  Cyrus  ^promised 
not  to  plunder  the  country  of  Syennesis. 

I.  See  Ex.  19,  a^  and  5.  2.  Cf.  ra  iv  avrrj. 
3.  Into  hands  to  Cyrus.  4.  Better  than  himself, 
5.  The,  6.  Express  by  one  word.  7.  Near 
the  king.     8.  Omit.     9.  Cf.  Ex.  9,  10. 


•  |jL€Td  raOra  t  post  haec.  At  court :  apud  regem.  To 
receive  pledges :  fidem  accipere.  Fro?nised  not  to  plunder : 
promisit  se  non  direpturum  [esse].  8ttt  tov  6X€0pov  ; 
propter  cladem.  irplv  t|  "yvvrj  avTov  €'7r€t(r€  :  priusquam  si 
persuasisset  uxor.  Translate  i  into  Latin.  "To  plunder": 
to  be  plundered^  but  not  infinitive. 


48         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXIV. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  21-27. 

1.  Syennesis,  the  king  of  Kilikia,^  wishing 
to  prevent  Cyrus  ^from  entering  his  country, 
seized^  the  pass  over^  the  mountains.  But  a 
messenger  ^came  and  told  him  that  Menon  ^had 
already  led  his  army  through  the  pass,  and 
^was  marching  on  through  the  plain  towards 
Tarsus. 

2.  Therefore  he  abandoned  the  heights, 
and  Cyrus  went  up  ^without  hindrance,  and 
the  next  day  came  down  into  the  plain.  At 
Tarsus  Cyrus  became  acquainted  with  Syen- 
nesis, ^who  gave  him  a  large  sum  of  money, 
and  he,  on  the  other  hand,  gave  him  many 
valuable  gifts. 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION  49 

3.  Now  Epyaxa  had  persuaded  Syennesis  to 
meet  Cyrus,  ^^  though  at  first  he  was  unwilling 
to  put  himself  into  his  power. 

I.  Cilicians.  2.  To  enter.  3.  Xa/JL/Sdva). 
4.  Through.  5.  Ca7ne  sayi?ig.  6.  Cf.  AeAotTrcos 
cit;.  7.  Use  the  present.  8.  No  one  hindering. 
9.  See  Ex.  4,  note  i.  The  student  should 
remember  that  /xeV  and  8e  are  seldom  both 
translated  into  English,  but  are  very  common 
in  Greek.      10.  At  first  not  being  willing. 

Wishing  to  prevent  Cyrns  from  entering:  cum  vellet 
Cyrum  prohibere  ne  inrumperet.  To  persuade  07ie  to  do  a 
thing:  alicui  persuadere  ut  with  subjunctive. 


50         BEGINNER'S  GREEK    COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  i,  2. 

a.  €7rt  with  Dative.      1210,  2,  ^ ;  H.  799,  2,  c. 

b.  Subject  of  Infinitive  omitted.     895,  2;  H.  940. 

c.  Infinitive  after  Verbs  of  Hindrance,  etc.    1549, 

1615;  H.  963,  1029. 

d.  Position  of  the  Genitive  of  Pronouns  with  the 

Article.     960,  977;   H.  673,  b. 

I.   '*We  refuse^  to  go  forward.^     2.   For  v^e 
suspect  that  we  are  being  led  against  the  king. 

3.  And  we  were  not    hired   for  this   purpose. 

4.  Klearchos  cannot^  compel  us  to  go.  5.  We 
shall  stone  him,  if  he  tries.^"  6.  ^  Such,  things 
the  soldiers  said  to  each  other.  7.  Klearchos 
^  tried  to  compel  them  to  advance.  8.  But  "^  he 
came  near  being  stoned  to  death.  9.  Then  an 
assembly  of  his^  soldiers  was  summoned  by 
him.       10.    They    assembled    and    for   a    short 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  51 

time  stood  in  silence.  1 1 .  And  they  were 
surprised  because  he  ^  stood  and  wept  a  long 
time.  12.  When  they  saw  him  weeping,  they 
didn't  1^  stone  him  ^^any  more.  13.  After  a 
while  Klearchos  spoke  as  follows. 

I.  Say  not,  2.  Use  an  adverbial  phrase. 
3.  Use  the  future.  4.  Tretpaojuat.  What  kind 
of  conditional  sentence  ?  5.  toklvtcx,  6.  See 
Ex.  21,  r.  7.  By  a  little  he  escaped^  etc.  8.  Not 
avTov.  9.  Standing  wept,  10.  "Not  .  .  .  any 
more  ''  :  ovk  In. 

We  refuse  to  go  :  negamus  nos  ituros  [esse].  Observe 
that  the  Latin  expresses  the  subject  of  the  infinitive.  To 
stone  a  person  :  lapides  in  aliquem  conicere.  He  came  very 
near  being  stoned  to  death  :  haud  multum  afuit  quin  lapidi- 
bus  obrueretur.  What  is  this  literally,  afuit  being  imper- 
sonal?    Translate  2  into  Latin. 


52         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXVI. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  3,  3,  4. 

a.  Prohibitions.      1346;  H.  874. 

h,   /xera  with  Genitive.      1212,  \^b\   H.  801,  i. 

r.    Implied    Indirect    Discourse.      1502,     1369  ; 

H.  937- 
iL  The  Passive  of  Verbs  taking  two  Accusatives. 
1239;   H.  724,  a. 

I.  *'Do  not  be  surprised  because  I  wept. 
2.  I  was  distressed  at  the  existing  state  of 
things.  3.  ^An  exile  from  my  native  land,  I 
became  Cyrus's  guest-friend.  4.  And  I  ^was 
well  treated  by  him.  5.  When  he  gave  me 
ten  thousand  darics,  I  spent  them  on  you. 
6.  ^With  your  help  I  drove  the  Thracians  out 
of  the  Chersonesos.  7.  For  the  Greeks  ^who 
lived  there  were  being  robbed  of  their  land. 
8.  Then  Cyrus  summoned  me.     9.  And  I  took 


FOR   ORAL    TRANSLATION  53 

the  field  to  aid  him  ^if  I  could.  lo.  I  wished 
to  aid  him  ^in  return  for  the  money  I  had 
received  from  him.  ii.  And  now  you  refuse"^ 
to  accompany  me." 

I.  Fleeing.  2.  Mark  the  idiom.  3.  With 
you,  4.  Participle.  Notice  how  often  the  Greek 
participle  corresponds  to  a  relative  clause  in 
English,  and  conversely.  5.  This  clause  is 
implied  indirect  discourse.  The  direct  form 
would  be  eoLv  8vv(o/Aat.  6.  Cf.  dv^'  cov.  7.  See 
Ex.  25,  note  i. 

To  be  distressed,  take  it  hard:  moleste  ferre.  A7t  exile 
from  viy  ftative  land :  patria  expulsus.  /  spent  them  on 
you :  in  vestrum  commodum  impendebam.  To  aid  him 
if  I  coidd :  ut  eum  iuvarem,  si  possem.  Translate  10 
into  Latin.  lit  rettn-n  for :  pro.  The  relative  pronoun  may 
not  be  omitted  as  in  English. 


54  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXVII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  3,  5,  6. 

a.  av  with  Infinitive.      1308;   H.  964. 

b.  Emphatic  Negation.      1619;  H.  1030^//^^/ 

c.  Genitive  of  Separation.  11 17,  1149/f  H.  74^» 
\d.  Conditional  Relative  Sentences:    Future,  more 

vivid.     1434  ;  H.  916. 

I.  '*  I  am  distressed  because  you  do  not  wish 
to  accompany  me.  2.  But  I  will  not  ^  desert 
you  or^  prove  false  to  you.  3.  ^If  I  wish  to 
enjoy  the  friendship  of  Cyrus,  ^  I  must  of  course 
desert  you.  4.  But  ^  if  I  go  with  you,  I  must 
prove  false  to  him.  5.  And  nobody  ever  said 
that  I  ^proved  false  to  the  Greeks.  6.  With 
you  I  will  suffer  ^whatever  is  necessary. 
7.  "^Wherever  you  go,  I  will  go.  8.  I  think 
I  should  be  in  honor,  ^if  I  should  go  with  you. 
9.   Since    you    are    to   me   equally^   fatherland 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  55 

and  friends  and  companions,  I  will  accompany 
you.  lO.  Without  friends  and  companions  ^^  I 
should  of  course  not  be  able  to  repel  my  foes. 
1 1 .  Whether  you  will  be  my  friends  I  know 
not." 

I.  Neither  .  .  .  nor^  ovre  .  .  .  ovre.  2.  A 
present  supposition.  3.  Necessity  \is'\  to  me. 
4.  A  future  supposition.  5.  What  mood? 
6.  Conditional  relative  clause,  like  ''if  any- 
thing shall  be  necessary."  7.  See  note  6. 
8.  Cf.  oTTov  aval,  which  is  equal  to  "if  I  shall 
be  anywhere."  ().  Kai.  10.  This  clause  in  the 
direct  form  represents  av  chat  of  the  text. 

/  wi7l  suffer  whatever  is  necessary :  quidquid  opus  erit, 
patiar.  Wherever  you  go :  ubicumque  ibitis.  Without 
friends  and  compa?iio?zs  :  si  ab  amicis  sociisque  destitutus 
sim.  «s  €|xov  ovv  Iovtos  .  .  .  ovtcd  tt^v  -yvwixiiv  €X€T€  :  me 
iturum  esse  persuasum  habete.  cl  SiKaia  iroir\<r<a  ovk 
otSa  :  baud  scio  an  iuste  facturus  sim.  Translate  1 1  into 
Latin. 


56  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE    XXVIII. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  3,  i  -  6. 

1.  When  Klearchos  found  out  that  he  could 
not  compel  his  men^  to  advance,  he  collected  ^ 
an  assembly,  and  spoke  as  follows: 

2.  ''Fellow-soldiers,  do  not  wonder  that  I 
wished  to  accompany  Cyrus,  for  he  was  my  ^ 
guest-friend,  and  had  honored  me  ^in  many 
ways,  and  of  course  I  wanted  to  aid  him  in 
return  for  the  benefits  I  had  received  from 
him.  But  when  I  found  out  that  you  ^  would 
not  go  forward,  I  was  distressed,  and  even^ 
shed  tears. 

3.  ''  However,^  I  must  ^  go  with  you,  for  I  led 
you    into    the   country  of   the  barbarians,  and  < 
now  I  will  not  desert  you;  and  no   one   shall 
ever    say   that    I    preferred    the    friendship   of 

.Cyrus.     Now  don't  stone  me  any  more.^" 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION 


57 


I.  Not  ai/8/oc9  or  avOp(x)7roL.    2.  Use  the  parti- 
ciple.   3.   See  Ex.  7,  note'S^^  4.  Cf.  ra  akXa. 

5.  Remember    that  et/xt  Is    future    in    sense. 

6.  Kat.     7.    jxivTOL.     8.    See    Ex.   27,   note   3. 
9.   "  Not  any  more,"  fxrjKeTL ;  why  not  oi-k  Irt  ? 


Whe7t  Klearchos  found  otit  that  he  could  not:  Clearchus 
cum  intellexisset  se  non  posse.  That  you  would  not  go 
forivard :  vos  non  ituros  [esse].  No7v  don  t  stone  me  any 
more :  nolite  iam  in  me  lapides  conicere.  Translate  i 
into  Latin  and  compare  it  with  the  Greek.    Assembly :  contio. 


Kpauos. 


5^         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

'     EXERCISE    XXIX. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  3,  7,  8. 

a,  TTpos  with  Accusative.     12 16,  3;  H.  805,  3. 
/k   €7rt  with  Accusative.     1210,  3;  H.  799,  3. 
c.    Tenses  in  Indirect  Discourse.  1483;  H.  853-5. 
t/.  irapd  with  Genitive,  Dative    and   Accusative. 
1213,  1221;  H.  802,  790.   . 

I .  Klearchos  ^  said  that  he  would  not  march 
to  the  king.  2.  And  when  his  soldiers  heard 
that,2  they  approved.  3.  For  they  thought 
that  Cyrus  ^was  marching  against  his  brother. 
4.  And  they  did  not  wish  to  go  ^into  the 
interior.  5.  Cyrus  thought  that  men  from 
Xenias  and  Pasion  ^  would  go  with  him.  6.  But 
when  they  encamped  near  Klearchos,  he  was 
annoyed.  7.  So  he  sent  for  Klearchos,  and 
Klearchos  sent  a  messenger  to  him  unknown 
to    the    soldiers.       8.    ''  Be    of    good    courage, 


FOR   ORAL    TRANSLATION  59 

Cyrus,^  ^  for  I  will  go  with  you.  9.  And  these 
things  will  be  settled  satisfactorily.^  10.  ^For 
myself,  I  do  not  wish  to  go  to  you.  11.  But 
do  you  ^continue  to  send  for  me." 

I.  Refused  to  march  ;  cf.  Ex.  25,  i  and  note  i. 
2.  These  \things\  3.  What  would  be  the  tense 
of  the  direct  form  ?  4.  Expressed  in  the 
prefix  of  the  verb.  5.  The  vocative-  is  very 
often  preceded  by  w.  6.  Cf.  w?  KaraaTrjo-o- 
fiivayv  tovtcdv.  7.  Adverbial  phrase.  8.  eywye. 
9.  Present  tense. 

Klearchos  said  that  he  would  7iot  march  against  the  king: 
Clearchus  negavit  se  ad  regem  iter  facturum.  Unbe- 
known to  the  soldiers:  militibus  inscientibus.  Be  of  good 
courage  :  bono  animo  es.  Translate  2  and  3  into  Latin. 
Approve :  laudo. 


6o         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXX. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  9,  10. 

a.  Partitive  Genitive.      1088  ;   H.  729  ^. 

b.  Participle  with  crwotSa.    1590;   H.  982<^. 

i\   Object  Clauses  after  Verbs  of  Fearing.    1378; 

H.  887. 
d.  Indirect  Discourse  with  ort  and  w?.     1487;  H. 

930-2. 

I.  To  another  assembly  came  ^any  one  of 
the  soldiers  that  wished  2.  And  Klearchos 
2  made  the  following  address.  3.  '^  Our  rela- 
tions to  Cyrus,  are  in  just  the  same  position 
as  his^  to  us.  4.  Since  we  are  no  longer  his 
soldiers,  evidently  we  shall  no  longer  receive 
pay  from  him.  5.  However,  I  think  we  have 
wronged  him.  6.  ^Are  not  you  conscious  of 
having  deceived  him }  7.1^  know  that  ^  I 
have    deceived    him.      8.    So    that     when    he 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  6 1 

sends  for  me,  I  am  miwilling  to  go  to  him. 
9.  And  besides,  I  am  afraid  that  he  will  send 
for  me  again.^  10.  ''Of  necessity,  then,  I  must 
go  to  him.  II.  And  he  will  ^punish  me  for 
the  wrongs  I  have  done  him.'* 

I .  The  [one]  wishing  of  the  soldiers.  2 .  Said 
these  things.  3.  Use  the  genitive  of  avrog, 
there  being  no  possessive  pronoun  of  the 
third  person  in  prose.  4.  apa  /a?/.  5.  Since 
the  second  "  I ''  is  not  expressed  in  Greek, 
the  emphasis  comes  on  the  first ;  cywye. 
6.  TToXiv.  7.  Necessity  will  be  to  me ;  Cf.  Ex. 
27,  3.  8.  Inflict  punishment  upon  me  (dative) 
of  those  things  in  which  I  have  wronged  him. 

Any  one  of  the  soldiers  that  wi:>hed :  cuicunque  ex  mili- 
tibus  libebat.  Our  relations :  res  nostrae.  Are  in  Just 
the  same  position  :  eodem  omnino  modo  se  habent.  ovtws 
€X€t:  ita  se  habet.  <rvvoi8a  Ifjiavrw:  mihi  conscius  sum. 
TO  jx€v  jie-yio-TOv  alo"xvv6}i.€vos :  maxime  quia  me  pudet. 
Translate  7  into  Latin.     Deceive  :  fallo. 


62  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE    XXXI. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  3,  11-13. 

a.  Reflexive  Pronouns.     993;  H.  683. 

b.  ocrrts    in    Indirect    Questions.      1013,    1600  ; 

H.  700,  loii,  a. 

c.  Future  Participle  denoting  Purpose.      1563,  4; 

H.  969,  c. 

d.  Genitive  with   Verbs    of    Mental  Action,  etc. 

1102 ;   H.  742. 

I.  ^  Do  not  neglect  yourselves.  2.  But  con- 
sider what  you  must  do  next.^  3^ As  long 
as  we  sleep,  we  are  neglecting  ourselves. 
4.  We  must  ^  consider,  therefore,  how  we  shall 
^make  the  safest  retreat.  5.  Without  provi- 
sions ^neither  general  nor  private  is  of  any 
account.  6.  Now  you  all  see  that  Cyrus  has^ 
a  large  force.  7.  For  you  are  encamped  not 
far  from  him.      8.   And  he  is  a  dangerous  enemy 


FOJ?    ORAL    TRANSLATION  63 

to  any  one  with  whom  he  is  at  war.  a.'  ^  I  have 
told  you  what  I  think.  10.  And  now  it  seems 
to  be  time  for  you  to  tell  what  you^  think, 
\\.  Some  told  what  they  thought,  and  some 
were  prompted  by  Cyrus. 

I.  See  Ex.  26,  a.  2.  From  these  \things\. 
3^  This  may  be  expressed  in  two  ways,  both 
illustrated  in  the  text.  4.  Go  away  most 
safely,  5.  See  Ex.  27,  b.  6.  Participle  in 
indirect  discourse.  7.  dp-qKa,  8.  Emphatic, 
and  therefore  to  be  expressed. 

As  long  as:  quamdiu.  What  y on  imist  do  next:  quid 
deinceps  vobis  agendum  sit.  Ka0f]<r9at  :  considere. 
€X®pos  :  inimicus.  iroXc^ios  :  hostis.  wpa  Ka6ev8€iv  :  tem- 
pus  dormiendi.  Do  not:  nolite.  Kal  "ydp  :  nam  etiam. 
Translate  i,  3  and  6  into  Latin. 


64  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXXII. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  3,  7-13. 

1.  Klearchos  refused^  to  go  to  Cyrus,  but 
sent  a  messenger  to  him  ^to  tell  him  that 
everything^  ^  would  turn  out  satisfactorily. 
Then  he  ^called  an  assembly  of  his  soldiers, 
and  said  that,  since  they  refused  ®  to  follow 
Cyrus,  they  were  no  longer  his  soldiers,  nor 
was  he  any  longer  their  paymaster. 

2.  *^  So  that  it  is  time,"  said  he,  "for  us  to 
consider  what  we  must  do.  "  Stand  up  and 
tell  what  you  think  is  best.  We  have  deceived 
Cyrus,  and  I  think  that  he  is  no  longer  our 
friend.  He  thinks  that  he  has  been  wronged 
by  us,  and  I  am  afraid  ^  that  he  will  be  a 
dangerous  enemy." 

3.  *^Well,"^  said  some  one,  prompted  by 
Klearchos,  ''  I  think  that  Cyrus  is  a  most  valu- 
able friend,  and  that  the  difficulty  in  going 
away  without  his  knowledge  is  very  great." 


FOR  writtb:n  translation  65 

I.   See  Ex.  29,  note  i.     2.   See  Ex.   31,  r. 

3.  All  things.  4.  Always  ask  yourself  this 
question  when  dealing  with  indirect  discourse  : 
What  would  be  the  tense  in  the  direct  forjn  1 
5.  Brought  together.  6.  Optative.  7.  Having 
stood  tip,  tell.     8.   See  Ex.  30,  r.     9.  akXa. 

ovK  €TL  :  non  iam.  He  thinks  that  he  has  been  wronged  by 
us :  existimat  se  a  nobis  iniuria  adfectum  esse.  /  am 
afraid  that  he  zuill  be  :  vereor  ne  sit.  Sent  a  messenger  to 
tell :  In  what  ways  may  "  to  tell  "  be  expressed  in  Latin  } 


ottX/ttjs. 


66  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXXIII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  3,  14,  15. 

a.  Participle  with  cjiOdvo).      1586;  H.  984. 
d.   Verbals  in  reos.     1594-7;  H.  988-91. 
c.    The  Negative  ft?;.     1610-11;  H.  1019,^ 
^.  Two  Accusatives  after  Verbs  of  Asking.   1069; 
H.  724. 

I.  One  in  particular  pretended  that  he^  was 
in  a  hurry  to  go  back.  2.  And  so  he  proposed 
to  choose  another  general.  3.  F'or  Klearchos 
was  not  willing  to  take  command.  4.  If  Cyrus 
^is  not  willing  to  give  us  transports,  we  shall 
ask  him  for  a  guide.  5.  But  we  must^  have  a 
guide  ^to  lead  us  away.  6.  And  we  must  pre- 
occupy the  heights  in  order  that  Cyrus  may  not 
^get  the  start  of  us  in  seizing  them.  7.  Let 
no  one  of  the  Kilikians  preoccupy  the  heights. 
8.  That  they  ^must   not   do.     9.  The   Greeks 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  67 

will  follow  "whatever  guide  you  may  choose. 
10.  But  there  are  many  reasons  v/hy^  we 
^  ought  to  obey  Klearchos. 

I.  Why  should  not  "he"  be  expressed? 
2.  Shall  not  wish.  3.  ^rj.  4.  Whoever  shall 
lead,  5.  Cf.  cl>0d(TO)(TL  KaraAa^ovre?.  6.  Use 
the  verbal.  7.  The  guide  (dative)  whomever. 
8.  On  accoimt  of  which,  9.  The  verbal  of 
ireiOixi  is  7r€L(TT€0v. 

Pretejided  that  he  was  in  a  hurry  :  simulabat  se  prope- 
rare.  ovk  IpovXcro  :  nolebat.  A  guide  to  lead  us  away : 
ducem  qui  nos  abducat.  That  they  must  not  do  :  hoc  fa- 
cere  non  debent ;  or  hoc  eis  non  faciendum  est.  Whatever 
guide  you  may  choose:  quemcumque  ducem  elegeritis. 
Why :  quam  ob  rem.  Translate  4  into  Latin.  Use  the 
present  subjunctive  in  the  first  part  to  denote  what  may  hap- 
pen. Translate  10  into  Latin.  Be  careful  about  the  mood 
in  the  last  part. 


68  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXXIV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  i6,  17. 

a.  Assimilation  of  Mood.     1439;  ^-  9^9?  ^• 

b.  Dative  of  Accompaniment.    1 189  -  90  ;  H.  774. 

c.  Assimilation    (Attraction)    hi    the    Relative. 

1031;  H.  994. 
//.   Conditidtial  Relative  Sentences  :     Future,  less 
vivid.      1428,  1436;   H.  912,  917. 

I.  1  He  who  bids  us  ask  Cyrus  for  trans- 
ports is  foolish.  2.  For  Cyrus  is  not  Agoing 
to  make  his  expedition  back  again.  3.  Another 
pointed  out  the  folly  of  ^  the  one  w^ho  asked  for 
a  guide.  4.  ^  Just  as  if  Cyrus  would  give  a  trust- 
worthy^ guide.  5.  He  was  afraid  to  go  on 
board  the  boats  that  Cyrus  ^  might  give.  6.  I, 
too,  should  be  afraid  to  follow  the  guide  that 
Cyrus  might  give.  7.  Now  it  is  not  possible 
to   go   away  "^if    Cyrus   is   unwilling.      8.   And 


FOR  ORAL   TRANSLATION  69 

we  cannot  ^get  off  without  his  knowing  it. 
9.  If  we  take  his  transports  ^what  hinders  his 
sinking  us,  transports  and  all?  10.  Or  leading 
us  ^^to  a  place  it  will  be  impossible  to  get 
out  of  ? 

I.  The  [one]  bidding.  2.  Future,  tense. 
3.  See  note  i.  4.  Cf.  (Zo-n-ep  .  .  .  Kvpov  ttolo- 
fievov.  5.  TTto-ro?.  6.  Potential  optative  with 
av.  7.  Genitive  absolute.  8.  Going  off ^  escape 
the  notice  of  him.  9.  Cf.  rt  KwXvet  .  .  .  [i^/Aa?] 
KcXevetv.  10.  Whence  it  will  not  be  possible  to 
go  out. 

Just  as  if  Cyrus  would  give  :  quasi  Cyrus  daturus  esset. 
IV/iat  hinders  his  sinking?  quid  impedit  quo  minus  de- 
mergat  ?  Get  off  without  his  knowing  it:  digredientes 
eum  latere,  avrais  rais  Tpiilip€<ri  :  cum  ipsis  triremibus. 
Translate  i  into  Latin,  beginning  "  stultus." 


70         BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXXV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  i8,  19. 

a.  Participle    expressing    Condition.      1563,    5  ; 

H.  969,  d. 

b.  Dative  with  Compound  Verbs.     ii79;H.  775. 

c.  xpaofjiat  with  Dative  and  Cognate  Accusative. 

1183;  H.  777,  a. 

d.  Tenses    of    the    Dependent    Moods    (not    in 

Indirect  Discourse).     1271-8;  H.  851. 

I.  ^This  man  recommended  that  suitable 
persons^  ^should  go  to  Cyrus.  2.  And  these, 
*when  they  went,  asked  Cyrus  ^what  use  he 
wished^  to  make  of  them.  3.  We  should  fol- 
low, if  the  undertaking  were  similar  to  ^the 
former  one.  4.  For  Greeks  formerly  went 
inland^  with  Cyrus.  5.  And  we  do  not  wish 
to  be  more  cowardly  than  they.  j5.  But  if  the 
undertaking  be  toilsome,   he   must  ^  ^^  win   us 


FOR  ORAL   TRANSLATION  71 

over  11  the  best  way  he  can.  7.  Or  if  the 
undertaking  appear  dangerous,  we  must  ^^  pre- 
vail on  him  to  let  us  off.  8.  If  we  should  be 
won  over,  we  should  be  friendly  to  Cyrus. 
9.  If  we  go  off  in  friendship,  we  shall  go  off 
in  safety.  10.  ^^When  we  have  heard  what 
Cyrus  may  say,  we  will  deliberate. 

I.  //  seemed  best  to  this  [man].  2.  Omit. 
3.  Infinitive.  4.  Having  gone.  5.  Cf.  tC  .  .  . 
XprjaBai.  6.  Indirect  question  after  secondary 
tense.  7.  Cf.  ttJs  irpoaOcv.  8.  See  Ex.  29, 
note  4.  9.  avdyK-q.  10.  Persuade.  11.  rj 
hvvarov  /xciAt<rTa.      1 2 .   Having  heard. 

tI  povXerai  tJjjliv  xpfjcrOat  :  quam  ob  rem  nostra  uti 
velit  opera.  This  man  recommended:  huic  visum  est. 
Suitable  persons :  idonei.  Deliberate  :  consilium  capere. 
Translate  i  and  10  into  Latin.  Remember  that  "when  we 
have  heard  "  would  be  "  when  we  shall  have  heard." 


UNIVERSITY 


72  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXXVI. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  14-19. 

1 .  ^  My  proposal  is,  if  Klearchos  does  not 
wish  to  lead  us  back,  to  ask  Cyrus  for  boats, 
in  order  that  we  may  sail  away  as  quickly  as 
possible  to  Greece.  For  if  we  have  boats,  we 
can  2  get  away  safely.  But  if  we  cannot  prevail 
upon  Cyrus  to  give  us  boats,  what  prevents  his 
giving  us  a  guide,  who  will  lead  us  through  ^a 
country  that  is  friendly  ? 

2.  If  we  do  not  follow  Cyrus,  where  ^  shall 
we  buy  provisions.'*  For  the  market,  ^you 
know,  is  in  his  army.  And  if  Cyrus  should 
give  us  a  guide,  I  should  be  afraid  to  follow 
him.  Evidently  ^  there  are  ^  many  reasons  why 
Klearchos  will  not  ^assume  this  command,  but 
he  will  obey  whomever  we  may  choose. 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION 


73 


I.  Cf.  Ex.  35,   I,  and  note   i.     2.  Future. 

3.  Put  the  adjective  in  the  predicate  position. 

4.  oTTov.  5.  S17.  6.  Cf.  Ex.  30,  4.  7.  Many 
\things\  on  account  of  which.  8.  Cf.  a-rpaT-qyifj- 
(Tovra  .  .  .  (TTpaTrjyiav. 


Prevail  upon  one  to :  alicui  persuadere  ut.  Translate 
the  first  sentence  of  2  into  Latin,  but  do  not  use  the  present 
indicative  ;  also  the  third  sentence  of  2. 


jSt/cos  (d/x0opei5s). 


74         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXXVII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  20,  21. 

a.  Genitive  of  Time.      1136;  H.  759. 

b.  Verbals  in  -ros.     776,  i,  2;  H.  475. 

c.  Article  with  Distributive  Force.   951;  H.  657,  r. 

d.  Future   Infinitive    after  Verbs   of    Promising. 

1286;   H.  948,  a. 

I .  The  deputies  asked  Cyrus  ^  the  questions 
that  the  army  had  agreed  upon.  2.  And  he 
replied  that  he  wished  ^  to  go  to  the  Euphrates 
river.  3.  For  Abrocomas,  his  personal  enemy, 
was  there.  4.  Now  the  Euphrates  was  twelve 
stages  off.  5.  ^If  Abrocomas  should  be  there, 
he  would  punish  him.  6.  The  soldiers  had 
a  suspicion  that  Abrocomas  was  ^  not  there. 
7.  Nevertheless  they  decided  to  follow.  8.  For 
Cyrus  ^promised  that  he  would  lead  them  to 
the   river.     9.   And,  ^as  they  demanded   addi- 


FOR  ORAL    TRANSLATION  75 

tional  pay,  he  gave  them  fifty  per  cent,  more 
^than  they  had  before.  lo.  This  "amounted 
to  a  daric  and  a  half  a  month  to  ^  each  man. 
1 1 .  That  the  Euphrates  was  thirteen  stages 
off,  nobody  heard,  at  least  openly. 

I.  Recast  this  before  trying  to  put  it  into 
Greek.  2.  Not  imperfect  or  aorist  ;  why  ? 
3.  Future  supposition,  less  vivid  form.  4.  Cf. 
vTrto-^veLTaL  .  .  .  8(oo-etv.  5.  To  them  demand- 
ing^ etc.  6.  Notice  the  attraction  of  the  rela- 
tive.    7.   See  Ex.  13,  ii.     8.   The  soldier, 

T]|jLi6\iov  .  .  .  ov  TTpoTcpov  €'<)>€pov  '.  dimidio  maius  sti- 
pendium  quam  id  quod  prius  accipiebant.  tov  |xt]v6s  : 
singulis  mensibus.  To  demand  additional  pay :  auctum 
stipendium  poscere.  rr\v  8ikt]v  :  meritam  poenam. 
Pujiish.  poenam  sumere.  Translate  2  into  Latin.  Also  5; 
do  not  use  the  imperfect  subjunctive  ;  why  not  .'* 


76  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXXVIII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  4,  1-3. 

a.  Causal  Sentences.     1505;  H.  925. 

b.  Dative  of  Instrument.      1181;   H.  776. 

c.  Genitive   with  Verbs    of    Ruling,  etc.      11 09; 

H.  741. 

d.  Uses    of   the    Middle   Voice.      1242,  i,  2,  3  ; 

H.  81 1 -14. 

I .  Issus  is  a  frontier  city  of  Kilikia,  situated 
on  the  sea-coast.  2.  To  this  city  Cyrus  marched 
from  the  Pyramus  river.  3.  Thither  came  and 
cast  anchor  sixty  ships.  4.  Pythagoras  was 
admiral  over^  the  thirty-five  ships  from  Pelo- 
ponnesos.  5.  And  Tamos,  an  Egyptian,  had 
been  besieging  Miletos  with  twenty  ships. 
6.  Which  now  followed  him  from  Ephesos  to 
Issus.  7.  Miletos  was  besieged,  since  it  had 
been  friendly  to  Tissaphernes.     8.  And  Tissa- 


FOR  ORAL   TRANSLATION  77 

phernes,  ^you  remember,  haa  made  war  upon 
Cyrus.  0-  i'our  hundred  Greek  mercenaries, 
having  revolted  from  Abrocomas,  came  to 
Cyrus.  lo.  And  Cheirisophos,  summoned  by 
Cyrus,  commanded  seven  hundred  hoplites. 

I.  l-Ki  with  dative  ;  of.  kin  rdv  veu)v,  on  hoard 
the  ships,     2 .   Express  by  a  common  particle. 

Situated  071  the  sea-coast:  ad-mare  sita.  Is  sequor  followed 
by  the  same  case  as  cirofiai  ?  (rvv€7roX.€fjL€t  Kvpcu  irpos  avrov  : 
adversus  hunc  cum  Cyro  bellum  gesserat.  |jii(r0o<|)6pot  : 
stipendiarii.  irapd  Kvpo)  :  apud  Cyrum.  Hoplites  :  mili- 
tes  gravis  armaturae.  Translate  2  and  10  into  Latin. 
Command :  duco. 


78  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XXXIX. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION.       - 
Anabasis,  I.  4,  4,  5. 

a.  Position  of  cLiL<^oT^po<i,     976;  H.  673,^. 

b.  Implied  Indirect  Discourse.     1502;   H.  937. 

c.  Agreement    of   Verb    with    Predicate    Noun. 

904;   H.  610. 

d.  Dependent    Clauses    in     Indirect    Discourse. 

1497,  I,  2;  H.  931-2. 

I.  Syennesis  was  guarding  the  inner  wall. 
2.  And  Abrocomas  was  said  to  hold  the  outer 
one,i  that  toward  Syria.  3.  ^  The  space  between 
the  inner  wall  and  the  river  is  a  stade.  4.  And 
the  width  of  the  Karsos  river  is  one  plethrum. 
5.  ^The  whole  distance  between  the  walls  is 
three  stades.  6.  At  both  the  gates  guards 
had  been  stationed.^  7.  Cyrus  put  ashore  his^ 
hoplites,  that  they  might  overpower  the  enemy. 
8.   For  he  thought^  that  Abrocomas  would  be 


FOR  ORAL   TRANSLATION  79 

guarding  the  pass.  9.  ^  But  he,  ^  hearing  that 
Cyrus  was  near,  had  retreated.  10.  However, 
Cyrus  did  not  think  that'  he  would  march  out 
of  Syria.  1 1 .  But  presently  ^  he  heard  ^^  that 
he  was  retreating  through  Phoinikia. 

I.  Omit.  2.  The  middle  of,  3.  Cf.  note  2. 
4.  TiOrjfiL*  5.  The.  6.  OLOixat.  7.  6  8e.  8.  Cf. 
€7r€t  rJKOvcre  K.vpov  ovra.  9.  avrcKa.  10.  Cf. 
note  8. 

TO  [kkv  €(r(i>0€v  .  .  .  TO  8€  k'^co  [t€ixos]  :  [castellum]  cite- 
rius  .  .  .  ulterius.  €vpos  irXe'Opov  :  latitudine  or  in  latitu- 
dinem  plethri.  diropi|3d^€iv  :  in  litore  exponere.  Trans- 
late 7  and  10  into  Latin.  Retreat:  se  recipere.  However i 
what  is  the  proper  position  of  autem  "i 


8o  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XL. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  3,  20  —  4,  5. 

1 .  A  river,  ^  Pyramos  by  name,  flows  through 
Kilikia.  This  river  is  fifteen  parasangs  distant 
from  Issus,  ^a  frontier  city  of  Kilikia,  large 
and  prosperous.  There  Cyrus  stayed  three 
days.  And  Pythagoras,  a  Lakedaimonian,  came 
there  with  thirty-five  ships.  Cheirisophos  also 
was  on  board  the  fleet  ^  with  seven  hundred 
hoplites. 

2.  Cyrus  thought  that  ^if  he  should  land 
troops,  some^  ^on  the  hither  side  of  the  Syrian 
wall  and  some  ^  ^  on  the  further  side,  he  would 
be  able  to  overpower  the  enemy  and  get  by  the 
pass.  Then*^  he  proposed  to  march  on  to  the 
Euphrates  river,  twelve  stages  off,  where  he 
heard  that  Abrocomas  was.      But  if  Abrocomas 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  8i 

should  not  be  there,  they  would  then  ^  consider 
the  situation. 

I.  See  Ex.  15,  ^.  2.  Ships.  3.  Dependent 
clause  in  indirect  discourse.  4.  Cf.  Ex.  5?  ci- 
5.  Within,  -6.  Without,  7.  lir^ira,  Z.  Delib- 
erate i?i  reference  to  these  thi?igs. 

Cyrus  thought  that  if  he  should  land  troops,  etc.  :  Cyrus 
putavit  si  copias  exposuisset.  ello-w  Kal  €|a) :  citra  ultra- 
que.  Consider :  consilium  capere.  Translate  the  first 
sentence  and  the   last  into  Latin. 


0J)pa^, 


82  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XLI. 

FOR    ORAL   TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  4,  6,  7. 

a.  The  Future  Optative.     1287;  H.  855,  a, 
L   Genitive  of  Value.     1133,  1135;  H.  753,/ 

c.  Present  with  force  of  Perfect.     1256;  H.  827. 

d.  Participle  denoting  Cause.    1563,2;  H.  969,  ^. 

I.  At  Myrandos  two  Greek  generals  left 
Cyrus's  expedition  and  sailed  away.  2.  The 
names  of  these  commanders  were  Xenias  and 
Pasion,  the  one  an  Arkadian,  the  other  a  Mega- 
rian.  3.  They,  as  it  seemed,  were  piqued  because 
Klearchos  kept  their  ^  soldiers.  4.  Now  these 
soldiers  had  gone  over  to  him.  5.  For  they 
thought  2  he  was  going  back  to  Greece.  6.  And 
Cyrus  allowed  Klearchos  to  keep  them.  7.  A 
report  spread  abroad  that  these  generals  ^had 
sailed  away.  8.  They  had  put  ^  their  valuable 
property  on  board  a  transport.     9.  ^  Most  people 


FOR  ORAL   TRANSLATION  83 

thought  that  they  were  cowards.  10.  And  they 
^  wished  that  Cyrus  would  capture  them.  1 1 .  But 
he  did  not  pursue  them.  12.  ^We  pity  them 
if  they  are  taken  by  Cyrus. 

I.  Their  own,  2.  vofit^o),  3.  Aorist.  4.  T/ie 
\things\  worth  much,  5.  They  seemed  to  most 
to  be  cowards,  6.  Cf.  vjyovro  avTov<s  Xrj4>0rjvaL, 
7.  The  direct  form  of  wKTeupov  el  dXojcrotvTo. 
Change  the  optative  to  the  same  tense  of  the 
indicative.     What  other  change  is  necessary  ? 

TO.  irXcCo-Tov  ctjia  :  res  maximi  preti.  Most  people  thought 
that  they  ivere  cowards  :  plerisque  videbantur  esse  ignavi. 
oXkcIScs  :  naves  onerariae.  We  pity  them:  eorum  nos  mi- 
seret.  Translate  5  and  12  into  Latin.  Is  "are  taken"  a 
real  present  .'* 


84  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XLII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  4,  8,  9. 

a.  Predicate  Accusative.      1077;   H.  726. 

b.  Genitive  of  Separation.     11 17;  H.  748. 

c.  Two  Accusatives.      1073-4;   H.  725,  a. 

d.  Subject  and  Agent  of  the  Passive.     1234-6; 

H.  818,  a, 

I .  Cyrus  knew  ^  whither  Xenias  and  Pasion 
had  gone.  2.  And  his  triremes  could  catch 
their  transport.  3.  But  he  let^  th'em  escape. 
4.  '^By  the  gods,"  said  he,  ''no  one  shall  say 
^that  I  pursued  them.  5.  Let  them  be  well 
assured  ^that  I  shall  not  arrest  them."  6.  And 
Cyrus  "^was  not  wont  to  use  any  one  ^so  long 
as  he  was  with  him.  7.  And  then  treat  him 
ill,  ^when  he  wanted  to  go  away.  8.  The 
Greeks  were  somewhat^  dispirited  in  refer- 
ence to  the  expedition.     9.  But  on  account  of 


FOR  ORAL   TRANSLATION  85 

Cyrus's  magnanimity  "towards  Xenias  and 
Pasion,  they  followed  with  greater  spirit. 
10.  After  this  they  came  to  rivers  full  of  large 
and  tame  fish.  1 1 .  Now  the  Syrians  regard 
fishes  as  gods.  12.  Nor  do  they  allow  ^  any 
one  to  injure  the  doves. 

I.  Indirect  discourse  after  secondary  tense. 
2.  eao).  3.  Indirect  discourse  after  primary 
tense.  4.  Imperfect;  see  Ex.  11,  ^.  5.  Note 
carefully  the  dependence  of  this  clause,  and 
see  Ex.  11,  <r.  6.*Expressed  in  the  compara- 
tive.    7.  Cf.  Trept  c/xe.     8.  Omit  "any  one.'' 

He  k7te'w  zvhither  they  had  gone :  intellexit  quo  ivissent. 
Somewhat  dispirited :  animo  minus  alacri.  On  account  of 
Cyrus\s  fnagnanimity  towards  them  :  propter  Cyri  erga  eos 
virtutem.  Translate  8  and  10  into  Latin.  Tame:  mansu- 
etus.     Injure :  noceo,  with  dative. 


86  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE.  XLIII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  4,  10-12. 

a.  Tenses  of  the  Participle.      1288;  H.  856. 

b.  Genitive   with   Verbs   of   Ruling,  etc.      1109; 

H.  741. 

c.  Genitive   with    Verbs    of    Depriving.     1118  ; 

H.  748,  a. 

d.  Indirect    Discourse   ^yith  ort  and    ws.      1481; 

H.  930-3. 

I .  Belesys,  ^  who  had  been  ruler  of  Syria,  had 
a  large  park  there.^  2.  This  park  Cyrus  laid 
waste.  3.  And  ^a  report  spread  abroad  that 
he  ^  would  burn  down  the  palace.  4.  Thapsakos 
is  situated  on  the  Euphrates  river.  5.  At  that 
very  place  Cyrus  told  the  Greek  generals  that 
he  ^should  march  against  the  king.  6.  ^The 
soldiers  also  were  told  this  by  the  generals. 
7    The    generals    ^sent    for    the    soldiers    and 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  87 

''tried  to  persuade  them  to  follow.  8.  But  they 
said  that  the  generals  knew  ^  the  facts  before. 
9.  And  they  were  angry  with  them. ''  10.  How- 
ever, they  said  they  ^  would  follow,  if  some  one 
would  give  them  money.  1 1 .  Those  ^  who  went 
inland  with  Cyrus  before  received  ^^  money. 

I.  The  [one]  having  ruled.  2.  Put  this  word 
first.  3.  Cf.  Ex.  41,  7.  4.  Future  indicative 
in  the  direct  form.  5.  27iis  was  said  to  the 
soldiers.  6.  Participle  and  verb,  instead  of 
two  verbs.  7.  SeeEx.  2I,<:.  8.  These  [things']. 
9.  Cf.  note  I.      10.  Xafxfidv 


Davo). 


6  SvpCas  ap|as  :  qui  Syriae  praefuerat.  Se7tt  for  the 
soldiers  and  t^'ied  to  persuade  them  to  follow :  militibus  arces- 
sitis  persuadebant  ut  sequerentur.  March :  iter  facere. 
If  so7ne  one:  si  quis.     Translate  5  and  10  into  Latin. 


88  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XLIV. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasiiii,  I.  4,  6-12. 

•  I.  After  Xenias  and  Pasion  ^had  deserted 
Cyrus,  he  called  the  generals  together  and 
said  that  they  had  not  ^  got  beyond  his  reach, 
because  he  could  catch  them  with  his  triremes. 
Now  they  were  sailing  away  in  a  transport. 
But  he  said  that  he  should  not  pursue  them, 
^  lest  some  one  might  say  ^  that  as  long  as  ^  a 
man  was  with  him  he  used  him,  but  when  he 
wanted  to  go  away,  he  arrested  him  and  treated 
him  ill. 

2.  Nor  did  he  deprive  them  ^of  their  wives 
and  children,  whom "  he  had  under  guard  in 
Tralles.  So  they  got  back  their  wives  and 
children  on  account  of  their  former  good  ser- 
vices to  Cyrus.  After  this  the  army  marched 
on   twelve   stages,  sixty-five   parasangs,  to  the 


FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION  89 

Euphrates    river,    which    was    four    stades     in 
width. 

I.  See  Ex.  2^  a.  2.  aTroc^evyw.  ^  3.  Negative 
purpose  ;  /at/  with  optative.  4.  Observe  that 
the  following  clauses  put  the  statements  of 
the  text  in  the  indirect  form.  In  such  cases, 
when  the  subjunctive  is  changed  to  the 
optative,  av  is  dropped  ;  eTretSav  becomes  hz^L 
5.  Any  one.  6.  See  Ex.  43,  c.  7.  Note  the 
gender. 

■A^or  did  he  dep7'ive  them  of  their  wives  and  children  :  ne- 
que  eos  uxoribus  liberisque  orbavit.  '^ws  av  iraprf  :  dum 
adsit.  Dese7't :  deserere.  Get  beyond  ojie's  reach  :  aufu- 
gere.  Translate  the  first  sentence  into  Latin.  After :  post- 
quam  with  perfect  indicative,  or  cum  with  pluperfect  sub- 
junctive. 


90  BEGINNER'S  X^EEK  COMPOSITION 


lXERCISE  xlv. 
/for  oral  translation. 

Anabasis  I.  4,  13,  14. 

7.  irpLv  with  the  Infinitive.      1469-71;   H.  955. 
' b.    Genitive  of  Material.      1085,  4;   H.  729,/. 

c.  Temporal   Particles,  "Until"  and   ''Before." 
1463-5;  H.  920-4. 

d.  Conditional  Relative  Sentences :    Future,  more 

vivid.      1434;   H.  916. 

I.  When  we  arrive  in  Babylon,  I  will  give 
each  man  five  minae  of  silver.  2.  And  pay  in 
full  till  you  ^get  back  to  Ionia.  3.  I  know  not 
whether  you  will  follow  me  or  not.  4.  Cyrus 
promised  to  give  them  money  before  it  was 
clear  ^  whether  they  would  go  or  not.  5.  ^  What 
reply  did  the  Greeks  give  to  Cyrus  ^  6.  They 
said  2  they  would  go,  if  he  would  do  what^  he 
promised.  7.  What  did  Menon  bid  his  men 
do.-*     8.   He  said  that  they  ought  to  cross  the 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION 


91 


river.  9.  ''  If,"  said  he,  *'  you  cross  the  river 
before  it  is  evident 'whether  the  rest  will  cross 
or  not,  Cyrus  will  honor  you.  i-O.  But  you 
must  obey  me,  ^if  you  wish  to  be  honored  by 
Cyrus." 

I.  Come  to  Ionia  again.  2.  See  Ex.  32, 
note  4.  3.  What  (not  o  n)  did  the  Greeks 
reply?     4.  on.     5.   Present  supposition. 


When  tve  arrive  in  Babylon :  ubi  primum  Babylonem 
venerimus.  Whether  yon  zoit I  follow  me  or  not :  utrum  me 
sequamini  necne.  irplv  8fjXov  etvai :  priusquam  constaret. 
Yon  must  obey  me :  vos  oportet  mihi  parere.  Translate  5,  7, 
and  8  into  Latin.     Recast  5  as  in  note  3.     Onght :  oportere. 


Greek  Warriors  preparing  for  Battle. 


92  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XLVI. 

FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  4,  15,  16. 

a.  Prohibitions.      1346;   H.  866,  2.  » 

b.  Genitive  of  the  Infinitive.      1547;   H.  959. 

c.  Genitive  with  Various  Verbs.    1099;  H.  738-9. 

d.  Object  Clauses  after  Verbs  of   Striving,   etc. 

1372;  H.  885. 

I.  If  you  begin  the  crossing,  Cyrus  will  be 
grateful  to  you.  2.  And  he  will  repay  you, 
^  because  you  are  more  zealous  than  the  others. 
3.  If  you  vote  to  cross  the  river,  I  also^  shall 
be  grateful  to  you.  4.  ^If  the  others  should 
vote  ^in  the  negative,  we  should  all  go  back 
again.  5.  But  you  would  seem  to  Cyrus  to  be 
the  most  faithful.  6.  And  whatever  we  wish,- 
we  shall  receive  from  him.  7.  Let  us  then 
cross  the  river,  before  the  others  vote.  8.  And 
when^  Cyrus  learns  that  we  have  crossed,  he 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  93 

will  be  pleased.  9.  And  I  know  that  he  will 
see  to  it  that  we  get  whatever  we  wish.  10.  ^  If 
he  does  not  do  this,  no'  longer  think  him  Cyrus. 

I .  As  being  more  zealous.  2 .  Kat',  put  before 
the  word  it  emphasizes.  3.  Note  the  change 
of  form  in  this  conditional  sentence.  4.  Ex- 
pressed in  the  prefix  of  the  verb.  5.  cTretSav. 
6.   Future  supposition. 

To  begin  the  crossing:  initium  facere  traiciendi.  To  be 
grateful:  gratiam  habere,  ottcds  8€  Kal  {>)X€is  €fjL€  ciraiv^o-CTC 
Ifjiol  fi€Xi^(r€i  :  verum  ut  vos  etiam  me  laudetis,  mihi  curae 
erit.  No  longer  think  :  nolite  iam  habere.  Translate  i,  8, 
and  10  into  Latin.  In  i  "  begin  "  may  be  future  or  future 
perfect.     In  8  "learns":  shall  have  heard. 


94         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE    XLVII. 

FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  4,  17-19. 

a.  0J9  with  Participle.      1574;   H.  978. 

b.  Partitive  Genitive.      1085,  7;  H.  729,  e. 

c.  Genitive  with  words   of    Fulness   and   Want. 

1112,  1140;  H.  753,  c. 

I.  The  soldiers  of  Menon  ^indulged  high 
hopes.  2.  And  ^of  course  they  wished  Cyrus 
to  be  successful.  3.  Then  Cyrus,  having  sent 
presents  to  Menon,  crossed  the  river  himself. 
4.  And  all  the  Greeks  followed  him.  5.  The 
river  wet  no  one  of  them  above  the  breast.^ 
6.  Never  ^had  the  river  been  passable  on  foot 
except  then.  7.  Now  this  seemed  providen- 
tial. 8.  Clearly  the  river  made  way  for  Cyrus, 
^because  he  was  to  be  king.  9.  Why,  ^one 
might  ask,"^  did  not  Cyrus  use  boats  ?  10.  Because 


FOR   ORAL    TRANSLATION  95 

they  had  all  been  burned  by  Abrokomas. 
1 1 .  Near  the  Araxes  river  were  villages  full 
of  corn  and  wine.  12.  Here  they  waited  three 
days,  ^gathering  supplies.  ^ 

I.   Were  in  great  hopes.     2.  8?;.  3.  Plural. 

4.  Use  the  aorist.     5.  As  about  to  he  king, 

6.  See  Ex.  51,  ^.     7.  epcorao).     8.  Participle  ; 
.   not  the  aorist. 

Indulged  high  hopes .'  magnam  in  spem  veniebant. 
€VTvx.€<«)  :  felix  sum.  No  one  of  them  :  nemo  ex  iis.  el  jit) 
t6t€  :  praeterquam  illo  tempore.  This  seemed  providential: 
divinitus  accidisse  hoc  visum  est.  Translate  4  and  9  into 
Latin.  In  4  observe  the  different  syntax  of  "him"  in  Greek 
and  Latin.     Near  :  prope. 


96  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XLVIII. 

FOR  WRITTEN  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasii^  I.  4,  13  - 19. 

1.  ^During  the  halt  at  Thapsakos,  Menon 
persuaded  his  men  to  cross  the  Euphrates 
river,  before  it  was  evident  whether  ^the  rest 
of  the  Greeks  w^ould  cross  or  not.  He  told 
them  ^  that  ^  if  they  did  so  ^  they  would  be 
honored  by  Cyrus  more  than  the  others,  and 
that  Cyrus  would  employ  them,  as  being  most 
zealous,  for  garrison  duties  and  captaincies. 

2.  Now  Cyrus  knew  how  to  requite  a  favor, 
if  any  one  did,  and  ^  those  who  were  most  faith- 
ful to  him  received  from  him  "whatever  they 
wanted.  Accordingly,  when  he  heard  ^that 
Menon's  army  had  crossed,  he  was  pleased, 
and  said  ^that  he  would  take  care  that  they 
also  should  be  pleased. 


FOR    WRITTEN  TRANSLATION 


97 


I.  While  they  luerc  staying.  2.  The  other 
Greeks.  3.  See  Ex.  32,  note  4.  4.  In  chang- 
ing from  subjunctive  to  optative,  eav  becomes 
€t.  5.  This.  6.  The  [ones']  being  most  faith- 
ful. 7.  What  kind  of  a  clause  iS  this  ?  8.  Cf. 
Ex.  39>  9-      9-    ^f-  OTTO)?  .  .  .  €7ratvecrer€  fxeXyjo-ei. 

Persuaded  his  men  to  cross  :  militibus  persuasit  ut  trans- 
irent.  If  they  did  so :  si  hoc  fecissent.  He  knew  how  to 
requite  a  favor :  gratiam  referre  sciebat.  Halt :  maneo. 
Or  not:  necne.  Translate  the  first  sentence  of  i  into 
Latin.  Recast  the  first  clause  and  remember  that  dum  is 
followed  by  the  present  of  a  past  act. 


TreXracTT^s. 


98  BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE    XLIX. 

FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  5,  1-3. 

a.  ov    in    Apodosis;    fx-rj   in    Protasis.      1383,    i  ; 

H.  1018-21. 
d.  Present  and  Past  General  Suppositions.     1393, 

I,  2;  1431,  I,  2;  H.  894,  914,  B. 
c.    Pluperfect  with    Meaning   of   the    Imperfect. 

1263;  H.  849,  c. 

I.  In  this  region  the  ground  is  ^covered 
with  wormwood.  2.  And  all  the  ground  is 
level  like  the  sea.  3.  All  the  shrubbery  and 
reeds  are  fragrant. ^  4.  Sometimes  the  soldiers 
give  chase  to  the  wild  asses  and  gazelles. 
5.  Now  these  asses,  ^if  one  pursues  them,  run 
forward  and  then^  stand  still.^  6.  And  ^when 
the  horses  draw  near,  they  do  the  same  thing 
again.**  7.  So  ^they  cannot  be  taken  ^unless 
the    horsemen  relieve  one   another.     8.   Their 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  99 

flesh  is  tenderer  than  venison.  9.  ^  One  could 
not  catch  a  bustard,  unless  he  started  it  up 
suddenly.  10.  Ostriches  do  not  fly,  but  use 
their  wings  like  s.ails. 

I.  Full  of .  2.  Neuter  plural.  3.  Notice  the 
change  from  the  past  general  supposition  of 
the  text  to  the  present.  4.  Omit.  5.  //  is 
not  possible  to  take  them.  6.  Cf.  tols  8c  cJrcSas 
av  Tts,  K.T.A..  and  note  change  of  time. 

Covered  with  ivormwood :  absinthio  plenum.  Sometimes 
gave  chase  to:  nonnumquam  consectabantur.  Run  forward 
aftd  then  stand  still:  procurrunt  et  deinde  subsistunt. 
They  cannot  be  taken :  nulla  est  eas  capiendi  ratio ;  or 
non  potest  eas  capi.  Translate  i,  6,  and  7  into  Latin. 
In  6  "and  when":  quotienscumque.  irX-qcridtw  :  appro- 
pinquo. 


lOO        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    L. 

FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  5,  4-6. 

a.  Genitive  of  Price.      1133;   H.  746. 

b.  Dative  of  Possession.     11 73;   H.  768. 

c.  Accusative  of  Specification.      1058;  H.  718. 

d.  Participle  denoting  Manner.    1563,  3 ;  H.  969,  a, 

I .  The  Maskas  river  is  a  plethrum  ^  in  vv^idth. 
2.  And  it  encircles  a  town  ^by  the  name  of 
Korsote.  3.  ^On  their  march  through  the 
desert,  they  kept  the   Euphrates  on  the  right. 

4.  No  one  of   the  soldiers  died  of  starvation. 

5.  Because  they  ^had  procured  supplies  at 
Korsote.  6.  But  they  could  not  buy  grain 
except  ^at  a  very  high  price.  7.  A  capithe  of 
wheat  flour  was  worth  four  sigli.  8.  And  they 
could  buy  a  quart  of  barley  meal  for  fifteen 
obols.     9.   So  they  ^had  to  get  along  with'  eat- 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  loi 

ing    meat.      lo.   On  account    of    the    lack^    of 
fodder  they  lost  many  of  the  pack-animals. 

I.  The  genitive  or  the  adjective  may  be 
used.  2.  Recast  the  phrase  before  translating. 
3.  Marching  desert  stages,  4.  Aorist.  5.  7re/ot 
TrAeto-TOv.      6.    Use  yj^T].       7.    Omit.       8.    airop^ 


ta. 


diTioXcTo  viro  \t|xov  :  fame  peribat.  €7r€(riTto-avTO  :  ciba- 
ria  parabant.  For  fiftcoi  obols  :  obolis  quindeciin.  vTro- 
Ivyiov  :  iumentum.    x°P'''os  '■  pabulum,    diropia  :  penuria. 

Translate   4  and    10  into    Latin.     In  4  '' of  the  soldiers  "  is 
not  to  be  turned  by  the  genitive. 


(TcpevdovrjTTjs. 


I02        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LI. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  5,  7,  8. 

a.  Implied  Protasis.      1413;  H.  903. 

b.  Antecedent  omitted.     1026,  1029;  H.  996,  998. 

c.  Partitive  Genitive  with  Verb.      1097,  i ;  H.  736. 

d.  Potential    Optative    and    Indicative    with    av. 

1327-8,  1335-6;  H.  872,  903. 

I .  ^  Some  of  these  marches  were  very  long. 
2.  2  Whenever  they  wished  to  reach  water,  they 
made  long  marches.  3.  ^Whenever  the  mud 
appeared  hard  to  get  through,  Cyrus  halted. 
4.  And  once  in  particular  Glus  and  Pigres 
were  ordered  to  take  a  part  of  the  army  and 
help^  extricate  the  wagons.  5.  Once  the  army 
seemed  to  Cyrus  to  work  slowly.  6.  And  so 
he  ordered  the  noblest  Persians  ^in  his  retinue 
to  help  extricate  the  wagons.  7.  ^ Whenever 
he  ordered  these  to  jump  into  the  mud,  ^one 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  103 

might  see  an  instance  of  good  discipline. 
8.  One  might  have  supposed  ^  they  were  run- 
ning for  victory.  9.  "When  they  jumped 
into  the  mud,  they  threw  off  their  cloaks. 
10.  2  Whenever  they  jumped  iri'to  the  mud, 
they  threw  off  their  cloaks. 

I.  Cf.  ^vou5.  2.  General  supposition.  3.  Ex- 
pressed in  the  prefix  of  the  verb.  4.  About 
him.  5.  It  was  [possible]  "to  see.  6.  Accu- 
sative with  infinitive.  7.  Particular  supposi- 
tion. 

oirdrc  irpos  vSeop  PovXoiro  SiareXeo-ai :  quotiens  ad  aquam 
iter  peragere  volebat.  oirov  cruxcv  k'Ka<rTos  €<rTT]K«s  :  quo 
loco  quisque  forte  stabat.  OcIttov  y\  ws  tis  av  ci>€to  :  cele- 
rius  opinione ;  or  celerius  quam  putares.  tovs  -rrcpl  avrov  : 
quos  secum  habebat.  oruv€Kpipd^€iv  rds  d|Jid|a$  :  adiu- 
vare  in  plaustris  extrahendis.  Translate  i  into  Latin, 
imitating  the  Greek  idiom  ;  also  6  ki  two  ways,  using  first 
impero,  then  iubeo. 


I04        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LII. 

FOR  WRITTEN  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  5,  i  -  S. 

1.  The  army  of  Cyrus,  marching  through 
Arabia,  ^passed  over  a  level  plain  ^that  was 
full  of  wild  animals  of  all  sorts,  which  the  sol- 
diers sometimes  hunted.  ^  Whenever  they  gave 
chase  to  the  wild  asses,  they  were  obliged^ 
^to  take  position  at  intervals  and  relieve  ofie 
another;  for  since  the  asses  ran  ^so  much 
faster  than  the  horses,  a  single  ^'  horse  soon 
gave  out. 

2.  Between^  Korsote  and  Pylai  the  whole 
country  was  barren,  and  many  of  the  pack- 
animals  died  of  starvation.  In  fact,  grain  was 
so  scarce^  that  a  capithe  of  wheat-flour  or 
barley-meal  was  worth  four  sigli.  Therefore 
the  soldiers  ate  meat.  The  inhabitants  of  this 
region  bought  their  food  at  Babylon. 


FOR-    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION  105 

3.  Xenophon  relates  an  instance  ^*^  of  dis- 
cipline which  he  witnessed.  On  one  occasion 
Cyrus  ordered  his  noblest  attendants  to  leap 
into  the  mud  and  ^^  help  hasten  on  the  wagons ; 
and  they  stripped  off  their  p^urple  tunics,  and 
in  they  jumped. 

I.  Trapip^ofjAXL.  2.  Omit  *'that  was."  3.  Gen- 
eral supposition.  4.  Usexp^.  5 .  Cf .  Sttto-rai/re? 
.  .  .  SiaSe^oixevoi.  6.  ToaovTCj).  7.  ets-  8.  /xera^v 
with  genitive.  9.  o-n-dvLo^.  10.  /xe/ao?.  11.  Three 
words  expressed  by  the  Greek  verb. 

Between  Korsote  and  Pylal :  inter  Corsoten  et  Pylas. 
A  capithe  is  worth  four  sigli :  capithe  quattuor  siglos  valet. 
8ia8€xq|Ji€voi  tois  iirirois :  alii  equites  alios  recentibus 
equis  excipientes.  Translate  the  last  two  sentences  of  2. 
Ate:  use  vescor. 


lo6      BEGINNER'S    GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LIII. 

FOR  ORAL  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  5,  9,  10. 

a.  Dative  of  Degree.     1184;  H.  781. 

b.  Accusative  of  Extent.      1062;   H.  720. 

c.  Genitive    with    Words    of    Touching.      1099  ; 

H-  738. 

d.  S^Aos  d^ki  with  Participle  in  Indirect  Discourse. 

1589;   H.  981. 

I.  ^An  attentive  observer  might  see  that 
Cyrus  was  hurrying  all  the  way.  2.  ^It  was 
evident  that  he  did  not  delay  ^  except  where  he 
^gathered  supplies.  3.  ^ The ^  quicker  he  goes 
the  ^  more  unprepared  will  he  find ''  the  king. 
4.  If  he  should  delay,  the  king  w^ould  collect  a 
large  army.  5.  The  greater  the  number  of 
people  the  stronger  is  '  the  king's  power. 
6.  While  ^  the  longer  the  roads  are  the  weaker 
is  his  power.  7.  At  Charmande  they  crossed 
the^river  on  floats  to  purchase  supplies.     8.  Now 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  107 

these  floats  are  made  of  skins  filled  with  hay. 
9.  The  skins  were  sewed  up  ^  so  that  the 
water  did  not  touch  the  hay.  10.  After  cross- 
ing they  got  wine  and  millet.  11.  For  millet 
is  very  abundant  in  this  country. 

I.  To  the  [one]  applying  the  mind  it  was 
[possible]  to  see.  2.  Use  first  the  personal 
construction,  then  the  impersonal.  3.  Where 
not.  4.  k-Kifj IT it,o iLai.  5.  ocTwav,  K.T.A.  6.  ''The 
.  .  .  the  "  :  otro)  .  .  .  To^ovTi^.  '] .  Xafx/Sdvo). 
8.  Se  ;  put  the  usual  correlative  in  the  pre- 
ceding sentence.  9.  What  particle  is  more 
common  than  m  to  express  result  ? 

If  was  evident  that  he  did  not  delay  :  constabat  eum  non 
cunctari.  ocrw  .  .  .  toctovtw  :  quanto  .  .  .  tanto.  irpoo-c- 
X€tv  Tov  vovv  :  animum  advertere.  dirapao-Kcvao-Tos  :  im- 
paratus.     SvvajjLts  :  potentia.    Translate  3  and  5  into  Latin. 


io8         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE    LIV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  5,  n,  12. 

a.  Dative  of  Time.      1192;   H.   782. 

b.  Dative  of  Means.      1181;   H.  776. 

c.  Genitive  with  Words  of  Missing.   1099 ;  H.  748. 

d.  Dative  with    Intransitive   Verbs.      1159-60; 

H.  764,  2. 

I.  At  that  place  a  soldier  of  Menon's  and 
one  of  Klearchos's  quarreled.  2.  Klearchos 
decided  that  ^  Menon's  man  was  in  the  wrong. 
3.  The  man  told  Menon  ^that  Klearchos  ^had 
beaten  him.  4.  On  the  same  day  Klearchos 
was  riding  back  from  the  ford  through  Menon's 
army.  5.  Here  *a  man  was  splitting  logs  with 
an  axe.  6.  And  he  ^  hurled  his  axe  at  Klear- 
chos. 7.  And  many  of  the  soldiers  ^  threw 
stones  at  him.     8.  Some^  of  them  missed  him. 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  109 

^to  be  sure.  9.  But  ^he  narrowly  escaped 
being  stoned  to  death.  10.  And  all  the  men 
raised  ^^  a  loud  shout.  11.  For  they  were 
exceedingly  angry  with  him. 

/• 

I.  The  \maii\  of  Menon.  2.  What  con- 
structions are  possible  ?  See  Ex.  65,  c. 
3.  Aorist.  4.  Tt9.  5.  Hurled  at  Klearchos 
(genitive)  with  the  axe.  6.  Cf.  note  5.  7.  cvtot. 
8.  jiteV ;  its  position  ?  9.  See  Ex.  25,  8. 
10.  Made, 

rfi  avTrf  T)|X€pa  :  eodem  die.  They  zuei^e  exceedingly  angry 
with  him  :  graviter  ei  irascebantur.  Observe  that  the  con- 
struction is  the  same  as  in  Greek.  Kpivco  :  iudico.  dSiKoi> : 
iniuste  ago.  xXiryas  €|jipdXX.cD  :  verbera  infligo.  Translate 
2  and  3  into  Latin.     In  2  is  sibi  or  ei  to  be  used  t 


no         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  5,  13,  14. 

a.  Dative  of  Cause.     1181;  H.  776. 

b.  wcrre  with  Infinitive.      1449-50;   H.  953. 

c.  Participle  with  rvyxavo).      1586;   H.  984. 

d.  Genitive  with  Verbs  of  Fulness   and  Want. 

1112  ;  H.  743. 

I.  Thereupon^  Klearchos  took  refuge  in^ 
his  tent.  2.  And  then  he  summoned  the  hop- 
lites  to  arms.  3.  With  these  and  the  horse- 
men that  he  had  he  frightened  Menon,  and 
his  ^soldiers  too.  4.  So  that  they  ^did  not 
know  what  to  do.  5.  ^Just  at  that  time  Pro- 
xenos  happened  to  be  coming  up.  6.  And 
a  division  of  hoplites  was  following  him. 
7.  These  soldiers  he  ordered  to  halt  under 
arms  ^between  the  two  parties.  8.  Then, 
addressing  Klearchos  as  a  friend,  he  said  : 
9.   '*0  Klearchos,  ^  don't  do  that."      10.   Now 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  Hi 

Klearchos  ^had  come  near  being  stoned  to 
death.  1 1 .  And  he  thought  that  Proxenos 
^was  making  light  of  his  troubles.  12.  So 
he  told  him  to  ^^get  out  of  the  way. 

/• 

I.  ivravOa,  2.  In/o,  motion  being  implied. 
3.  Cf,  avTov  MiviDva.  4.  Were  perplexed  at  the 
affair.  5.  IvBa  8>;.  6.  The  Greek  idiom  is 
different.  7.  See  Ex.  26,  <^.  8.  Wa7ited  little 
to  be  stoned.  Cf.  also  Ex.  25,  8.  9.  Spoke  tamely 
(of)  his  treatment.     10.  See  note  6. 

KaTa<t>€V'Ya>  :  confugio.  Happened  to  be  coming  up  :  forte 
accedebat.  diropovvTcs  tw  -irpd-yfJiaTt  :  incerti  quid  age- 
rent.  flTpaws  X€"y€iv  TO  irdOos  :  leniter  de  casu  loqui. 
€VTav0a  :  deinde.  ctkiivti  :  tabernaculum.  irapa-yycXXw  : 
voco.     Translate  i,  2,  and  3  into  Latin. 


112         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LVI. 

FOR  WRITTEN  TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  5,  9-14. 

1 .  On  the  whole,  ^  it  was  evident  that  Cyrus 
thought  that,  ^  if  he  ^  made  a  rapid  advance,  he 
would  take  the  king  ^off  his  guard.  ''  If,"  said 
he,  "  I  proceed  slowly,  a  large  army  will  be 
assembling  for  the  king." 

2.  The  skins  that  they  used  as  coverings 
were  filled  with  hay,  and  ^the  edges  brought 
together  and  sewed  up.  With  these  the  sol- 
diers made  floats,  ^  on  which  they  carried " 
supplies  across  the  river  from  the  town  of 
Charmande. 

3.  When  the  soldiers  had  been  called  to 
arms,  they  stood  with^  their  shields  against 
their  knees;  while  the  horsemen,  ^who  were 
mostly  Thracians,  advanced  against  Menon's 
army,  and  frightened  them  so  that  they  ^^knew 
not  what  to  do. 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION 


1^3 


I.  See  Ex.  53,  note  2.  2.  Cyrus's  thought 
was  "If  I  make  ...  I  shall  take."  3.  Ad- 
vanced quickly.  4.  Unprepared.  5.  Omit  "the 
edges."  6.  Cf .  cTrt  rovrwi/.  7.  "  Carry  across," 
Sta^tjSo^w.  8.  Having  put.  9.  Of  whom  the 
most  were.      10.   See  Ex.  55,  note  4. 

TO  (Tvpiirav  :  ad  summam.  8td  Tax€wv  :  celeriter.  trk- 
pav  Tov  Ev<|>pdTov  :  ultra  Euphratem.  With  their  shields 
against  their  knees  :  scutis  ad  genua  positis.  dcrirCs  :  scu- 
tum. 76VV  :  genu.  What  to  do  :  quid  agerent.  Translate 
3  into  Latin. 


KPTjfudes. 


114         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE    LVII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  5,  15—6,  i. 

a.  Dative  of  Respect.     1182;  H.  780. 

b.  Tenses  in  Indirect  Discourse.     1481-9;    H. 

852-6. 

c.  Future   Perfect  as   emphatic   Future.     1266  ; 

H.  850,  a. 

d.  Participle   denoting  Attendant  Circumstance. 

1563^  7;  H.  969. 

I.  These  generals  did  not  know  what  they 
^were  doing.  2.  And  Cyrus  told  them  that 
2  they  did  not  know  what  they  were  doing. 
3.  If  they  ^  get  to  fighting  with  each  other, 
Cyrus  will  be  instantly  slain.  4.  *'If,"  said 
he,  ''  I  should  be  slain,  you  would  be  slain  not 
long^  after  me."  5.  Klearchos,  thinking  that 
the  barbarians  whom  he  saw  would  be  more 
hostile,  came  to  himself.    6.  ^  As  they  advanced, 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  US 

they  saw  the  trail  of  about  two  thousand  horses. 
7.  ^Everything  useful  was  burned  by  them  ^as 
they  advanced.  8.  Orontas  had  formerly  been 
at  war  with  Cyrus.  9.  But  although  recon- 
ciled, he  now  plotted  against  him.  10.  By 
birth  he  was  related  to  the  noblest  Persians. 

I.  Not  the  imperfect.  2.  Observe  that  this 
is  the  indirect  form  of  ovk  iare  o  n  Trotetre. 
See  Ex.  30,  d.,  and  Ex.  39,  d.  3.  /om  battle. 
4.  Much.  5.  Not  genitive  absolute.  6.  If 
there  was  anything  useful  it  was,  etc. 

Yoit  knotv  not  what  yoti  are  doing :  nescitis  quid  agatis. 
|xa.XT]v  crvvdiTTctv  :  proelium  committere.  "Yc'vct  irpocrT^Kaiv 
Pao-iXei  :  genere  regi  cognatus.  €v  lavrw  €"y€V€To  :  ad  se 
rediit.  Translate  2  and  3  into  Latin.  Is  "  get "  a  real 
present  ? 


Ii6         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LVIII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  6,  2-4. 

a.  Distinction    between    ovTo<i    and    oSe.      1005  ; 

H.  696. 

b.  Adverb     for     Attributive     Adjective.      952  ; 

H.  641,  a. 

c.  Infinitive  with  tov  after  Verb  of  Hindrance. 

1549;   H.  963. 

I .  '^  If  you  would  give  me  one  thousand 
horsemen,  I  v^ould  waylay  those  barbarians. 
2.  Some  ^  of  them  I  will  kill  and  some  ^  1 
will  take  alive.  3.  And  I  will  prevent  them 
from  attacking  us.^  4.  And  from  reporting  to 
the  king  that^  they  have  seen  your  army." 
5.  ^This  is  what  Orontas  said  to  Cyrus.  6.  But 
to  the  king  he  wrote  a  letter  saying^  that  he 
was  coming  to  him.  7.  *'Tell  your  cavalry," 
said  he,  *' to  receive  me  as  a  friend."     8.   Now 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  1 17 

the  man  to  whom  he  gave  this  letter  gave  it^ 
to  Cyrus.  9.  Orontas  was  immediately  arrested. 
10.  And  seven  of  ^Cyrus's  staff  were  sum- 
moned to  his'''  tent.  11.  And  the  Greek  hop- 
lites  were  ordered  to  stand  under  arms  around 
the  tent. 

I.  See  Ex.  5 >  ^.  2.  Dative.  3.  on.  4.  ravra 
SiJ.  5.  Omit.  6.  The  [men]  abotit  Cyrus. 
'7.    Not  kavTov. 

T  7uill  prevent  them  from  attacking  us :  prohibebo  ne 
nos  adgrediantur.  Wrote  a  letter  saying  that  he  7uas  comi^ig : 
epistulam  scripsit  se  venturum.  0€or9ai  rd  oirXa  :  armati 
consistere.  IvcSpcvco  :  insidior.  Some  .  .  .  others:  alii  .  .  . 
alii.  Translate  i  and  2  into  Latin.  In  i  what  would  the 
imperfect  subjunctive  mean  ? 


no         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LIX. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  6,  5,  6. 

a.  Causal  Relative.      1461;   H.  910. 

b.  Infinitive  of  Purpose.      1532;   H.  951. 

c.  7rp6<s  with  Genitive.      12 16,  i,  a  ;  H.  805,  i,  a, 

d.  Partitive    Genitive    with    Superlative.      1088  ; 

H.  755,  l>- 

I.  Klearchos  was  invited  within  ^ because 
he  was  honored  most  of  the  Greeks.  2.  ^At 
least  it  seemed  so  to  Cyrus.  3.  How  the  trial 
of  Orontas  was  conducted  was  no  secret. 
4.  Cyrus  wished  to  do  what  was  just  in  the 
sight  of  gods  and  men.  5.  And  therefore  he 
consulted  with  his  friends.  6.  He  said  that 
his  father  had  given  Orontas  to  him  to  be  his  ^ 
vassal.  7.  But  after  the  king's  death, ^  Arta- 
xerxes  ordered  Orontas  to  make  war  on  Cyrus. 
8.  At  that  time  he  held  the  citadel  in  Sardis. 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  II9 

9.  But  ^he  deemed  it  best  to  cease  fighting  ^ 
against  Cyrus.  10.  Accordingly  they  ^ex- 
changed pledges. 

I .  Who.  2 .  To  Cyrus  at  l^ast  (ye)  he  seemed, 
3.  To  him.  4.  OdvoLTo<s.  5.  It  seemed  best  to  him, 
6.  The  war.  7.  The  Greek  idiom  is  quite 
different. 

Hoiv:  quo  facto,  irpos  Ocwv  :  apud  deos.  vir'/iKoov  etvat 
€jxoi  :  meo  sub  imperio  esse.  To  cease  Jighting:  desinere 
pugnare.  Kpio-is:  iudicium.  diroppiiTov :  arcanum.  Trans- 
late 3  and  7  into  Latin.  Was  conducted:  use  facio.  The 
mood  of  the  Greek  verb  is  not  here  a  guide  for  the  Latin. 


Kpdvos, 


I20        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LX. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  5,   15  —  6,  6. 

1.  About  two  thousand  of  the  king's  cavalry, 
as  it  was  conjectured  from  their  tracks,  went 
on  before,  burning  the  provender  and  what- 
ever ^  else  was  valuable. 

2.  Now  Orontas,  ^one  of  the  noblest  Per- 
sians in  Cyrus's  retinue,  offered,^  ^if  Cyrus 
would  give  him  a  thousand  horsemen,  to  cap- 
ture or  kill  these  horsemen,  and  prevent  them 
^from  announcing  to  the  king  the  approach^ 
of  Cyrus's  army. 

3.  '' And  at  the  same  time  he  sent  a  letter 
to  the  king  saying^  ^that  he  would  lead  the 
thousand  to  him.  The  messenger  took  the 
letter  and  gave  it  to  Cyrus,  who  immediately 
arrested  Orontas  ^^with  the  avowed  intention 
of  doing  with  ^^  him  ^^  whatever  should  seem  to 
be  right. 


"CTNI VERSITY. . 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION 


I .  If  anything.  2 .  Being  among  the  noblest 
of  the  Persians*  about  Cyrus,  3.  vTnuyyko\x.o.i  \ 
cf.  Ex.  37,  note  4.  4.  See  Ex.  32,  note  4. 
5.  Cf.  roi)  Kaetv.  6.  l^o^o%.  7.  a//.a  Se.  8.  Omit. 
9.  Cf.  on  17^01.  10.  See  Ex.  2,  note  5.  11.  irtpi 
12.   In  the  direct  form  o  n  av  Sok)^. 

VVtiatever  else  was  vaiuahle  :  si  quid  aliud  erat  utile.  €l 
avTw  8oiT]  :  si  sibi  traderet.  Translate  the  first  sentence  of 
3  into  Latin. 


-^dvtvs^ 


122        BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXI. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  6,  7,  8. 

a.  Dative  with  Impersonals.      1161. 

b.  Interrogative  Particles.      1603;   H.  1015. 

c.  7re/ot  with  Accusative.      1214,  3;   H.  803,  3. 

d.  Participle    denoting    Concession.      1563,   6  ; 

H.  969,  e, 

I.  Cyrus  asked  Orontas  ^if  there  was  ^any 
wrong  that  he  had  done  him.  2.  ''  Do  you  not 
confess,"  said  he,  ^.'^that  you  have  not  been 
wronged  by  me  .^ "  3.  And  Orontas  replied 
that  he  had  not  been  wronged  by  Cyrus  ^  at  all. 
4.  And  that  he  had  injured  Cyrus's  country 
^as  much  as  he  could.  5.  Then  Cyrus  said 
*'Did  you  not  repent  ^of  having  wronged 
me  .^ "  ^6.  ^' I  must"^  admit  it,"  said  Orontas. 
7.  ^^  AltViough  you  admit  this,  ^  is  it  not  evident 
that  yow   are   still  unjust   to^  me.''     8.  When 


FOR  ORAL   TRANSLATION  123 

you  said  you  were  sorry,  you  seemed  so  ^^  to 
me.  9.  If  you  were  sorry,  why  did  you  plot 
against  me  the  third  time?"  10.  ^^To  this 
Orontas  ^^made  no  reply. 

I.  Indirect  question.  The  direct  form  is  in 
the  text.  2.  W/i a tever  he  had  wronged  (diOrisX) 
him.  3.  What  construction  follows  "confess"? 
4.  "Not  at  all"  :  ouSeV.  5.  Whatever,  6.  Use 
the  participle.  7.  avdyKr].  8.  Are  you  not 
evident  being,  Qtc.  g.  irepL.  10.  Omit.  ii.Trpo? 
ravra.      12.  Replied  nothing, 

d8iK€<i>  Tiyd  :  iniuriam  facio  alicui.  |X€Ta|X€\€iv  tivC  : 
aliquem  paenitere.  Do  yoii  not  repent  of  having  wronged 
77te  ?  nonne  te  paenitet  iniuriam  mihi  fecisse  ?  Made  no 
reply :  nihil  respondit.  Not  .  .  .  at  all :  nihil.  6|Jio\o'y€(i>  : 
confiteor.     Translate  2  and  3  into  Latin. 


124       BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  6,  9-11. 

a.  Genitive   of  the  J*art   taken   hold  of.      iioo; 

H.  738,  .?.     -" 

b.  €7rt  with  Dative  denoting  Purpose.     1210,  2,  r  ; 

H.  799,  2,  r. 

c.  kiri  with  Accusative  denoting  Place.   1 2 1  o,  3,  ^  ; 

H.  799,  3,  a. 

I.  Klearchos  was  the  first  ^  to  declare  his 
opinion.  2.  ''  Put  this  man  out  of  the  way  as 
soon  as  possible."  3.  And  all  the  others 
agreed  to  this  opinion.  4.  After  that  Cyrus 
bade  them  take  Orontas  by  the  girdle  ^in 
tolcen  that  he  was  to  die.  5.  Then  he  was  led 
out  to  execution.  6.  Nevertheless^  all  the 
Persians  did  him  reverence,  ^  although  he  was 
being  led  to  death.  7.  Those  to  whom  it  was 
appointed  put   him  out  of  the  way.     8.  ^Nor 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  1 25 

does  anybody  know  how  he  ^was  put  to  death. 
9.  It  is  said  by  some  that  he  was  buried^ 
alive.  10.  ^  Some  say  one  thing,  others  another. 
1 1 .  But  no  man  knoweth  of  his  sepulchre  unto  ^ 
th(s  day. 

I.  Kl ear chos  first  (adjective)  declai-ed.   2.  For 
4.^    death.   7^.  ofjuo^,  4.  Use  the  participle.  5.  Double 
•^      the  negative,  ovSiv . . .  ov8u<i.  6.  Died.  7.  OdTrTu). 
8.  Others  say  other  [things^     9.   ets. 

Put  this  ma7t  out  of  the  tvay  :  hunc  virum  e  medio  tol- 
lite.  By  the  girdle :  zonsi.  Iirl  OavoLTo) :  ad  mortem.  Nor 
does  aiiybody  knoiu  how  he  died :  nee  quisquam  quomodo 
interisset  cognovit.  Some  say  ojte  thinq-,  others  another : 
alii  alia  diciint.  dTro<|>aivft)  :  declaro.  -yvwfjLTi  :  sententia. 
Turn  I  into  Latin.  Observe  that  the  Latin  idiom  is  the 
same  as  the  Greek. 


126         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXIII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasiiii,  I.  7,  1-3. 

a.  Genitive  of  Cause.      1126;   H.  744. 

h.    Assimilation  and  Attraction.       1031 — 8  ;    H. 

994,  995- 

c.  Future  Participle  denoting  Intention.     1563,4; 

H.  969,  c. 

d,  o7r(09  with    Future   Indicative    in   Commands, 

etc.      1352-3;   H.  886. 

I.  The  king  v^'xW  come  v^ith  a  large  army 
^  ready  to  fight.  2.  '^Klearchos  v^ill  lead  the 
right  wing  of  Cyrus's  army.  3.  While  Cyrus 
will  marshal  his  own  mem  4.  ^The  next 
morning  it  was  reported  by  deserters  that^  the 
king  was  approaching.^  5.  Thereupon  Cyrus 
^in  person  consulted  with  the  Greek  generals. 
6.  *'You/'  said  he,  *'are  braver  and  mightier 
than  many  barbarians.     7.   And  for  this  reason 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  127 

1  have  taken  you  as  allies."  8.  Then  he  con- 
gratulated them  on  the  freedom  which  they 
enjoyedJ  9.  And  said  that  he  woifld  prefer 
that  ^to  everything  he  had.  10.  '*  See  to  it/' 
said  he,  ''that  you  are  worthy  of  this  freedom." 

I.  About  to  fight.  2.  Use  /xcV  in  2  and  Se 
in  3.  3.  At  the  same  time  with  the  coming  day. 
4.  ort.  5.  Trpocret/xt.  6.  Hi77iself,  7.  Had  ac- 
quired.    8.  Instead  of  all  [things'j  which  he  had, 

Tovs  lavTOv  :  suos.  ctfia  ttj  eiriovcrri  Tiixcpa  :  prima  luce 
postridie.  vfids  cvSaifiovi^w  :  vos  beatos  iudico.  ort  tx\v 
cXcvOcpiav  €\ol)jLT]v  av  dv0*  wv  €X.o)  irdvTwv  :  me  libertatem 
omnibus  quae  possideo  anteferre.  oirws  ouv  €<r€o-9€  oiv8p€s 
d|ioi  :  quam  ob  rem  date  operam  ut  viri  digni  sitis.  cts 
TT]v  cirtovcrav  TJ|X€pav  :  in  posterum  diem.     Translate  i  and 

2  into  Latin. 


128         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXIV. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabat^is,  I.  «,  7  —  7,  3. 

1 .  Orontas  had  never  been  wronged  by  Cyrus 
^  at  all,  but  he  had  revolted  to  the  Mysians,  and 
injured  Cyrus  ^all  he  could;  but  afterwards, 
when  he  ^  came  to  know  his  power,  he  repented 
and  persuaded  Cyrus  '^to  exchange  pledges 
with  him. 

2.  All  this  Orontas  confessed,  ^and  besides, 
when^  asked  if  he  could  now  be  friendly  to 
Cyrus  and  hostile  to  his  brother,  he  said  that 
not  even  if  he  should  become  so,^  should  he 
ever  seem  so  ^  to  Cyrus  at  least. 

3.  Upon  this  Orontas  "was  delivered  over 
to  Artapates,  the  most  faithful  of  the  sceptre- 
bearers,  and  no  one  afterwards  ever  saw  him 
either  alive  or  dead. 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION 


129 


I.  ///  nothing.  2.  Whatever  he  H'as  able. 
3.  Inceptive  aorist.  4.  To  give  pledges  to  hhn 
and  receive  \them\  from  him.  5.  Trpos  h^  In. 
6.    Omit.       7.    Trapahihuifxi. 

To  revolt:  deficere.  rots  irapovo-i  :  iis  qui  aderant. 
ov8*  el  -ycvoijxi^v,  <roi  7'  av  ttotc  €ti  So^aifxi :  etiam  si  sim, 
tibi  quidem  numquam  posthac  videar.  Upon  this:  de- 
inde.  And  no  one:  nee  quisquam.  Ever:  umquam. 
Translate  3  into  Latin  putting  "servants"  for  "sceptre- 
bearers."  Turn  either  ...  ^r  by  nee  .  .  .  nee.  Here  the 
Greek  and  the  Latin  agree. 


5a/9ecK6s. 


I30       BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  7,  4-6. 

a.  Participle  as  Noun.     1560;  H.  966. 

b.  Future  Conditions,  less  vivid.    1408;  H.  900. 

c.  Construction    after   <^77/i,t,   dirov,  Aeyw.      1523  ; 

H.  946,  h. 

d.  Dative  of  Agent  with  Verbals  in  -reos.      1188; 

H.  769,  b. 

I.  Cyrus  knew  into  what  sort  of  a  contest 
they  were  going.  2.  He  told  the  Greeks  that  the 
barbarians  advanced  with  a  loud  ^  shout.  3.  '^^It 
seems  to  me,"  said  he,  **that  you  are  coura- 
geous men.  4.  I,  ^for  my  part,  am  ashamed 
of  the  men^  ^in  my  father's  realm.  5.  For 
you  will  find  these  men  to  be  very  cowardly.® 
6.  I  promise  to  make  you  objects  of  envy  to 
^your  friends  at  home.  7.  If  you  should  wish 
to   go  home,  you  would   be   envied.     8.  Many 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  131 

of  you,  as  I  think,  will  prefer  life^  with  me 
to  that^  at  home."  9.  Now  Cyrus  ^  made 
many  promises  ^^  because  he  was  in  danger. 
10.  ^^  Whoever  of  them  wished  went  home. 

I.  Much,  2.  Use  the  personal  construc- 
tion. 3.  ye.  4.  Causal  dative.  5.  Supply 
"being."  6.  SetAo?.  7.  The  [onesj,  8.  The 
\things\,  9.  Promised  many  \things\.  10.  On 
account  of  the  being,      1 1 .    The  \ones\  wishing. 

With  a  loud  shoitt :  magno  cum  clamore.  I  am  ashamed 
of  the  men:  hominum  me  pudet.  tois  oikoi  :  iis  qui  domi 
sunt.  8id  TO  €lvai  :  quod  erat.  Whoever  of  them  wished: 
quicumque  voluerunt.  ol'KaSc  diritvat  :  domum  abire. 
otos  :  qualis.  olywv  ;  certamen.  Translate  i  and  ^  into 
Latin.     Be  careful  about  the  mood  of  "  were  going." 


132        BEGINNER'S   GREEK    COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXVI. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anaba8ii$,  I.  7,  7  - 10. 

a.  Indirect  Questions.      1479  j   ^'  93°- 

b.  Indirect  Reflexives.     987;   H,  683,  a^  685. 

c.  Questions  of  Appeal    (Deliberative).      1358; 

H.  866,  3. 
//.   Object    Clauses  with  Verbs   of    Fear.      1378, 
1364;  H.  887. 

I.  We  must^  conquer  ^  in  order  to  make  our 
friends  masters  of  the  country.  2.  What  shall 
I  give  to  the  Greeks,  '^  if  we  are  successful } 
3.  Cyrus  did  not  fear  that  he  should  not  have 
^  enough  to  give  to  his  friends.  4.  To  each  of 
the  soldiers  he  said  he  would  give  a  golden 
crown.  5.  ''And  what  shall  we  have,"  said 
the  generals,  'Mf  we  are  victorious  }  "  6.  They 
demanded  to  know  what  they  should  have. 
7.   They  feared  that  he  would  not  satisfy  their 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  133 

expectations.  8.  O  Cyrus,  ^clo  not  fight  *^  in 
person,  but  take  post  in  the  rear  of  the  line." 
9.  Do  you  think,  O  Cyrus,  that  you  will  get^ 
this  without  fighting  .!*  10.  ^' No,^  by  Zeus," 
said  Cyrus. 

I.  3et.  2.  A  purpose  clause  with  otto)?. 
3.  Jf  it  turns  out  well.  4.  Whatever  he  might 
give.  5.  See  Ex.  26,  a.  6.  avros.  7.  <^aXay^. 
8.    Take.     9.   See  Ex.  42,  4. 

av  6v  -yc'viiTat  :  si  bene  res  se  habuerit.  Cy?its  did  not 
fear  that  he  should  not  have  enough  to  give :  Cyrus  non  id 
metuit  ut  (ne  non)  quod  daret  haberet.  a\i.a\€i :  sine 
pugna.  €v  Tr[  eloTrXto-ia  :  in  procinctu.  Translate  4  and  8 
into  Latin.     "To  take  post  ";  consisto. 


134        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE    LXVII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  7,  11-14. 

a.  Dative  of  Time.      1192;  H.  782. 

b.  Accusative  of  Extent.      1062;  H.  720. 

c.  Genitive  of  Comparison.      1120;   H.  749. 

d.  vTTo  with  Genitive  of  Agent.  1219,/^;  H.  808,  i,  Z^. 

I .  Artagerses  commanded  six  thousand  horse- 
men. 2.  These  he  marshalled  before  the  king 
himself.  3.  But  ^  those  who  marched  from  Phoi- 
nikia  came  too  late  for  the  battle.  4.  Many 
deserted  from  the  great  king  to  Cyrus  before 
the  battle.  5.  By  these  deserters  the  number 
of  the  enemy  was  reported  to  Cyrus.  6.  And 
there  were  said  to  be  also  two  hundred  scythe- 
bearing  chariots  in  the  great  king's  army. 
7.  And  after  the  battle  ^the  same  story  was 
told.     8.  The  whole  army  of  Cyrus  was  drawn 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  135 

up  in  line.  9.  ^It  was  said  that  there  were 
eight  hundred  thousand  men.  10.  And  thus 
they  marched  three  parasangs.  1 1 .  For  Cyrus 
thought  that^  the  battle  ^  would  take  place  on 
that  day.  12.  But  neither  on  that  day  nor  on 
the  next^  did  the  battje  take  place. 

I .  The  [ones]  having  marched,  2 .  The  same 
[things]  were  reported,  3.  Use  the  personal 
construction.  4.  Not  ort.  5.  Would  be.  6.  vart- 
patos. 

irpo  TTis  K-dxils  :  ante  proelium.  irapcYevovTO  Iv  tt[  jidxxi^ 
proelio  interfuerunt.  The  same  story  was  told:  eadem 
nuntiabantur.  Marshal:  instruo.  Translate  2,  9,  and  1 1 
into  Latin.  Be  careful  about  the  position  of  enim,  and  about 
the  that-clause. 


136        BEGIX^/EirS   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXVIII. 

FOR    WklTTEX    TRANSLATION. 

I-  T,  4-M- 


1.  Gaulites,  who  ^happened  to  be  present, 
said  that  €3018  made  many  promises  ^  which 
he  would  not  be  able  to  fulfil,  even  if  he  remem- 
bered them.^ 

2.  But  Cyrus  declared*  that  he  desired  to 
fulfil  *all  his  promises,  and  would  be  able  ^to 
do  so,  -if  he  conquered  his  brother.  "For 
then,"  said  he,  "all  my  father's  realm  will  be 
mine,*  and  I  shall  have  '  enough  to  give  to  my 
friends." 

3.  "And  if  the  Greeks  demand  to  know 
what  they  shall  hav^e,  in  case  of  success,  tell 
them  that  I  will  give  to  each  of  the  soldiers  a 
golden  crown,  and  to  each  of  the  generals  and 
captains  a  province  *to  rule  over." 


FOR    WRITTEX    TRAXSLATIOX 


137 


I.  See  Ex.  i,  c.  2.  See  Ex.  39,  d,  3.  Omit. 
4.  Said.  5.  As  many  \thmgs\  as  he  promised, 
6.   To  me.     7.   Cf.  Ex.  66, 3.     8.   See  Ex.  19,  a. 


Cyrus  made  many  promises :  Cyrus  multa  pollicitus  est. 
i|  dpx^  "n  iro-Tpwa  :  paternum  regnum.  I  shall  have  enough 
to  give :  habebo  quod  dem.  Happened  to  be  present:  forte 
aderat.  Fulfil :  praesto.  Even  if:  etiam  si.  Remember: 
memini.    Translate  i  into  Latin. 


hlipa.TOL. 


138*      BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXIX. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  7,  15-20. 

a.  Attributive  Participle.      1559;   H.  965. 

b.  Genitive  with  Adverbs.    1200,  1220;  H.  756-8. 

c.  Future  Indicative  in  Protasis.      1405;   H.  899. 

d.  Genitive  of  Measure.      1093,  1094,5;  H.  728, 

729,  d, 

I.  The  Median  Wall  extends  as  far  as  the 
ditch.  2.  Between  the  wall  and  the  canal  ^  that 
flows   from    the  Tigris  river  is  a  narrow  way. 

3.  This  pass  is  about  twenty-three  feet  wide. 

4.  Here  Cyrus  gave  the  Ambrakiot  soothsayer 
ten  talents.  5.  ''  If,"  said  the  soothsayer,  ''the 
king  does  not  retreat  within  five  da};s,  he  will 
not  retreat  at  all."  6.  Now  they  had  not  seen 
the  king  when  the  five  days  had  passed. 
7.  But  2  it  became  evident  that  the  king  was 
retreating.     8.   For  there  were  many  tracks  of 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  139 

men  and  horses.  9.  So  that  ^  it  was  said  that 
he  had  given  up  the  idea  of  fighting.  10.  If 
the  king  has  given  up  the  idea  of  fighting, 
there  is  no  need  ^  of  keeping  the  men  in  line. 

I.  Use  participle.       2.    The  personal  con- 
struction is  better.     3.  Set. 

jjLe'xpi  Tr\%  Td<|>pov  :  usque  ad  fossam.     jxcrajv  tov  "irora- 
(jLOv  Kal  TTJs  Td<))pov  :  inter  fluvium  et  fossam.     olvt  €pii|xa- 

Tos  :  pro  munitione.  N^ot .  .  .  at  all :  omnino  non.  dirc- 
•yvcDKc'vat  toO  |xdx€cr9at  :  consilium  pugnandi  abiecisse. 
Soot/isaje?' :  h2iTusipex.  Retreat:  recedo.  /^^^j-j  ;  praetereo. 
Translate  5  and  6  into  Latin.  Do  not  turn  "does  retreat" 
by  the  present  indicative. 


I40        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXX. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  8,  1-5.     ^ 

d.  Dative  of  Approach.      1175;   H.  772. 

b.  Article  for  Possessive.     949;   H.  658. 

c.  /xeXXoj  with  Infinitive.      1254;   H.  846. 

//.  Dative  of  Accompaniment.      1189;   H.  774. 

I.  It  was  about  full-market  time  when  the 
army  halted.  2.  Cyrus  had  intended  to  halt  at 
the  station,  which  was  near.  3.  There  Pategyas 
^rode  up  at  full  speed  with  his  horse  in  a 
sweat  to  report  to  Cyrus.  4.  And  cries  out  : 
*'The   king  has    prepared    himself    for    battle. 

5.  And    is    advancing   with    a    large    force." 

6.  The  soldiers  heard  him  shouting  this^  in 
Persian  and  in  Greek.  7.  ^Then  it  was  that 
Cyrus  jumped  down  from  his  chariot  and 
mounted^   his    horse.     8.  And  all   took  their 


FOR   ORAL    TRANSLATION  1 41 

places  in  line  in  great  haste.  9.  For  they 
feared^  that  the  king  would  fall  upon  them 
while ^  in  disorder.  10.  Proxenos  ''was  next  to 
Klearchos.^  11.  Near  the  river  Klearchos  fell 
in  with  some  ^  Paphlagonian  horsemen. 

I.  weAawo).  2.   Put  first  in  the  sentence. 

3.  IvBfk  St].      4.  JVenf   up   upon.     5.  <^o^€o/Aat. 

See  Ex.  30,   r.  6.    Omit.     7.   Cf.   €;(o/>icvos. 
8.  Genitive. 

ISpovvTi  Tw  iiriro)  :  equo  sudante.  dvapaCvciv  lirl  rhv 
iTnTov  :  ascendere  in  equum.  cxop-^vos  tivos  :  proximus 
alicui.  Trpo<r€'pxo|Jiai  :  advenio.  eiri-iri'TrTCD  :  adorior.  ara- 
KTos  :  inordinatus.  Translate  4,  5,  and  9  into  Latin.  "  Them  " 
=  themselves. 


142        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXI. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  8,  6-10. 

a.  Dative  of  Degree.     1184;  H.  781. 

b.  (05  with  Participle.      1574;  H.  978. 

r.    Kara   with    Distributive    force.      1211,    2,   c\ 
H.  800,  2,  d, 

I.  Cyrus  had  about  six  hundred  horsemen 
fully  ^  armed.  2.  All  had  breastplates,  greaves, 
and  helmets.  3.  But  Cyrus  is  said  ^to  have 
had  on  his  head  a  tiara '^  ^instead  of  a  helmet. 
4.  So  that  his  head  was  unprotected  when  he 
took  his  position  for  the  battle.  5.  In  the 
afternoon  the  enemy  appeared.  6.  First  a 
mass  of  dust,  and  sometime  later  a  kind  of 
blackness.  7.  After  this  ^  there  was  a  glimmer 
of  bronze.  8.  And  then  the  whole  army  ^came 
into  full  view.  9.  All  the  barbarians  were 
arranged   nation   by  nation   in    solid '''   squares. 


FOR   ORAL    TRANSLATION 


143 


10.  They  had  a  great  many  scythe-armed  chari- 
iots,  as  I  have  said  before.  1 1 .  The  design  of 
the  scythe-armed  chariots  was  ^to  cut  through 
the  ranks  of  the  Greeks. 

I.  Express  by  a  prefix.  2.  Aorist  infinitive. 
3.  Tta/oa.  4.  dvrt.  5.  Some  bronze  glimmered. 
6.  Was  in  sight.  7.  Full  of  men,  8.  As  about 
to  cut  through. 

x|;iXt]v  €X<«)v  tt]v  K€(|>a\'^v  :  capite  nudo.  KaTa(|>avTJs  : 
in  conspectu.  Kara  €0vt]  :  per  gentes.  Iv  xXaio-itp  :  ag- 
mine  quadrate.  o<rov  :  circiter.  IfoirXi^ojjLai  :  me  armo. 
Ka6(o-TT|(xi ;  consisto.     Translate  i  and  4  into  Latin, 


t6|o>'. 


144        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXII. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  7,  15  —  8,  10. 

1.  ^Ten  days  before,  Silanos  told  Cyrus  that 
the  king  ^  would  not  fight  within  ten  days ;  and 
accordingly  Cyrus  promised  to  give  him  three 
thousand  darics,  ^if  he  should  prove  to  have 
spoken  the  truth.  Now  Silanos  was  a  sooth- 
sayer, and  of  course  he  told  the  truth. 

2.  So  Cyrus  thought  that  the  king  had  given 
up  the  idea  of  fighting,  and  many  of  the  soldiers 
put  their  arms  on  wagons  or  pack-animals,  and 
all  were  marching  rather  carelessly,  when  sud- 
denly^ it  was  announced  by  Pategyas  that  the 
king  was  approaching  ^  in  battle  array. 

3.  Then  there  was  great  confusion.  The 
generals  and  soldiers  armed  themselves  in  all  ^ 
haste  and  took  their  positions,  each  in^  his 
appointed  "^  place.     The  Greeks  were  stationed 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION  145 

near  the  river,  and  Ariaios  next  to  them,  and 
after  him  Cyrus  with  his  Persians. 

I.  On  the  eleventh  day  from  that  day.  2.  In 
what  two  ways  may  this  be  rendered  ? 
3.  l^(xi<^vr]^.  4.  Not  to  be  translated  Uterally. 
5.  Much.     6.  Into.     7.  Omit. 

8€Ka  T]|x€f>(ov  :  diebus  decern.  T||j.€Xi]|x€va)s  ficlXXov  :  negle- 
gentius.  They  took  their  positions  each  in  his  appointed 
place :  suo  quisque  loco  constiterunt.  e{ai<|>v'qs  :  impro- 
viso.  Translate  2  into  I>atin.  "  Had  given  up,"  etc.  ;  see 
note  on  Ex.  69.  "  It  was  announced  "  ;  use  renuntio.  "  In 
battle  array  "  :  prepared  for  battle. 


146        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXIII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  8,  11 -15. 

a.  Dative  of  Agent.     1186;   H.  769. 

b.  Dative  of  Respect.     1182;  H.  780. 

c.  (OS  with  Infinitive.      1456;   H.  1054, -y*. 

d.  Perfect  as  vivid  Future.     1264;  H.  848. 

I.  The  Greeks  did  not  ^have  to  endure  the 
shouting  of  the  barbarians.  2.  For  they  did 
not   shout  2  ^at   all,  but   advanced    in   silence. 

3.  If  Klearchos  leads  his  force  against  the 
centre  of  the  enemy,  ^  our  whole  work  is  done. 

4.  But  certainly^  he  will  remain  near  the  river. 

5.  For  he  does  not  wish  to  be  surrounded  by 
the  enemy.  6.  And  he  is  afraid  that  the 
enemy  ^will  surround  him,  if  he  draws  off  the 
right  wing  from  the  river.  7.  "■  I  will  take 
care,"  said  he,  ''that  it  '''shall  be  all  right." 
8.   The   barbarians   are  far^   superior   in   num- 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  I47 

bers^  to  the  Greeks. ^^  9.  At  this  juncture 
Cyrus  rode  along  so  as  to  take  a  survey  of 
both  armies.  10.  There  Xenophon  met  him, 
and  asked  him  ^^  if  the  omens  were  favorable. 

I.  Use  dvay/CT/.  2.  cfyOeyyofJiaL.  3.  en.  4.  A// 
has  been  done  by  its.  5.  fxevrot.  6.  Not  the 
future.  7.  Subjunctive.  8.  iroXv.  9.  Singu- 
lar.      10.    Genitive.      11.    Cf.  et  rt  TrapayyeAAot. 

crt^T)  :  cum  silentio.  ttclvO*  ijixiv  ireiroCTiTat  :  omnia  a 
nobis  perfecta  erunt.  dircKpivaTO  on  avrw  [liKoi  ottcds 
KaXcos  €xoi  :  respondit  curae  sibi  futurum  ut  res  bene  se 
haberet.  TJpeTO  ct  ti  irapa-yYC Woi :  quaerebat  num  quid 
imperaret.  d-iroo-irdci)  :  abstraho.  kvkXocd  :  circumeo. 
Translate  6  into  Latin.     Draws  off:  not  present  indicative. 


148        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXIV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  8,  16-20. 

a.  TT/otV  with  Infinitive.      1470-1;  H.  955. 

b.  Partitive  Apposition.     914;   H.  624,  ^. 

c.  Mood  and  Tense  in  Indirect  Questions.     1481 ; 

H.  932. 

d.  Conditional    Relative:    General    Supposition, 

Past  Time.     1431,  2;  H.  914,  B  (2). 

I .  Cyrus  heard  the  watchword  passing  along. 
2.  ''Who  gave  out  the  watchword.^"  asked  he, 
''and  what  is  it  .^ "  3.  After  Klearchos  told 
him  what  the  watchword  was,  he  said  that  he 
accepted  it.  4.  Before  the  Greeks  moved  for- 
ward ^to  meet  the  foe,  they  sang  the  paean. 
5.  The  two  lines  were  now  three  or  four 
stades  apart. ^  6.  The  Greeks  did  not  advance 
silently,  but  shouted.  7.  And  whenever  the 
chariots  rushed    through    the    lines,    the    men 


FOR   ORAL    TRANSLATION  149 

opened  ranks.  8.  Some  of  the  men  opened 
ranks,  and  some  were  frightened  ^  out  of  their 
wits.  9.  *But  not  a  single  one  even  of  these 
suffered  any  harm  at  all.  10.  Except  that  a 
certain  one  on  the  left  was  shot  with  an  arrow. 

I.  To  go  agai?tst (2idL].).  2.  From  each  other. 
3.  Expressed  in  the  prefix  of  the  verb.  4.  Use 
negatives  freely. 

Not  a  single  one  even  of  these  snffered  any  harm  at  all: 
nemo  unus  etiam  ex  his  quidquam  omnino  passus  est. 
Before  the  Greeks  f7ioved  forward :  priusquam  Graeci  pro- 
cederent.     <rvv6T]p.a  :  tessera.     Translate  3  into  Latin. 


ISO        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  8,  21-25. 

a.  eh  denoting  Purpose.     1207,  ^;  H.  796,  c. 

b.  avT6<;  as  a  Reflexive  Pronoun.    992  ;  H.  684,  a. 

c.  avTo^  as  an  Intensive  Pronoun.     989;  H.  680. 

d.  Infinitive  depending  on  a  Preposition.     1546; 

H.  958. 

I.  Cyrus  was  glad  ^v^hen  the  Greeks  de- 
feated 2  the  force  that  was  opposite  them. 
2.  At  that  time  ^his  attendants  saluted  him 
as  king.  3.  But  not  even  then^  did  he  pursue 
the  enemy.  4.  ^  Because  ^  he  w^as  watching  to 
see  what  the  king  would  do.  5.  Now  the  bar- 
barian commanders  think  they  are  in  the  safest 
position  in  the  centre  of  ^  their  own  force. 
6.  And  also,  if  they  ^  issue  any  order,  the  army 
hears  it  in  half  the  time.  7.  If  their  force  is 
on  both   sides  of  them,   they  are  safe.     8.  If 


FOR    ORAL    TRAASLATION  151 

their  force  should  be  on  both  sides  of  them, 
they  would  be  safe.  9.  But  Cyrus  was  afraid 
that  the  king  would  get  in  his  rear.  10.  For 
he  had  wheeled  as  if  for  the  purpose  of  encir- 
cling him.  II.  He  slew  Artagerses,  the  com- 
mander of  the  six  thousand,  with  his  own  hand. 
12.  The  six  hundred  having  started  in  pursuit, 
only  his  table  companions  were  left  about  him. 

I.  The  Greeks  having  defeated.  2.  The 
[force']  opposite  them,  3.  The  [men]  about  hifu. 
4.  Thus,  5.  Use  participle.  6.  "He  was 
watching  to  see "  :  express  by  one  word. 
7.   Themselves,     8.    Order  anything, 

ov8*  ws  :  ne  sic  quidetn.  \^To  see]  zvhat  the  king  would 
do :  quid  rex  facturus  esset.  €v  dcr<|)aX€<rTdTa) :  in  tutis- 
simo.  TJfjLio-€i  xpovw  :  tempore  dimidio  breviore.  Safe: 
tutus.  On  both  sides :  ab  utraque  parte.  Translate  5  and 
8  into  Latin.  Now :  autem.  In  8  do  not  use  the  imperfect 
subjunctive. 


152        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXVI. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  8,  11-25. 

1.  When  Cyrus  said  that  the  barbarians 
advanced  with  a  loud  shout,  he  was  deceived. 
For  ^it  was  the  Greeks  who  shouted  when 
they  went  into  the  battle,  while  the  barbarians, 
in  this  battle  ^  at  least,  came  forward  as  silently 
as  they  could. 

2.  The  Greeks  always  sing  a  paean  ^before 
*  raising  the  war-cry,  and  then,  shouting  cAeAev 
to  Enyalios,  they  charge  the  enemy.  Some- 
times also  they  beat  their  spears  against  their 
shields  ^to  frighten  the  horses. 

3.  Now  the  barbarians,  seeing  the  Greeks 
approaching,  and  hearing  their  shouts,  were 
frightened  out  of  their  wits,  and  turned  and 
fled  ^before  a  weapon  was  thrown.  Then  the 
Greeks  pursued  them  with  all  their  might. 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION  153 

I.  Express  the  emphasis  by  the  position  of 
the  emphatic  word  ;  also  add  817.  2.  ye.  3.  Cf. 
Tzpiv  TO^evixa  i^LKveicrOaL.  4.  aAaXa^o).  5.  Use 
the  participle  that  denotes  purpose. 

As  silently  as  they  could :  quanto  maxime  silentio  pote- 
rant.  To  frighten  the  horses :  ut  terrorem  equis  incute- 
rent.  Kara  Kparos  :  totis  viribus.  Shouts :  clamor. 
Weapon:  telum.  Throw:  conicio.  "Seeing":  when  they 
saw^    Translate  the  first  sentence  of  3  into  Latin, 


Xf-TOiV, 


154        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXVII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis- 1.  8,  26  —  9,  4. 

a.  Infinitive  with  Adjectives.      1526;   H.  952. 

b.  Accusative  of  Specification.      1058;   H.  718. 

c.  Participle  in  Indirect  Discourse.    1494;  H.  982. 

d.  Infinitive  in  Indirect  Discourse.    1495 ;  H.  946. 

I.  Discerning  the  crov^d  about  the  king, 
Cyrus  could  ^  not  restrain  himself.  2.  But 
rushed  upon  him,  and  struck  him  in  the  breast. 
3.  Ktesias,  the  surgeon,  dressed  the  king's 
wound.  4.  And  he  can  tell  how  many  of  the 
king's  attendants  were  slain.  5.  Eight  of  the 
noblest  of  ^Cyrus's  suite,  while  fighting  ^in 
his  defence,  were  slain.  6.  Artapates,  when 
he  saw  that  Cyrus  was  dead,  drew  his  sword 
and  killed  himself.  7.  Those  who  were  ^inti- 
mately acquainted  with  Cyrus  say  that  he  was 
worthy  to  rule.     8.  And  that  even  in  his  boy- 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  155 

hood  he  was  best  of  all  in  everything.  9.  At 
the  court  of  the  king  he  neither  saw  nor  heard 
anything  base.  10.  Some  are  honored  by  the 
king,  and  some  are  dishonored. 

I.  Did,    2.  The  [men]  about  Cyrus,    3.  Use 
virkp.      4.    Cf.    €1/  TTtipa  ycvio-Oai. 

Could  not  restrain  himself:  se  non  continuit.  o-rrdo-ot 
Tcov  djjL<(>t  pa<riX€a  :  quot  ex  iis  qui  circa  regem  erant. 
lireiST]  TrcirTWKOTa  cISc  Kvpov  :  postquam  Cyrum  cecidisse 
vidit.  6T1  irais  «v  :  cum  puer  adhuc  esset.  <rTi<|)os  :  den- 
sum  agmen.  Attendants  :  comites.  Translate  i  and  4  into 
Latin.  In  i  begin  the  sentence  with  "  Cyrus."  In  4  be 
careful  about  the  mood  of  the  dependent  sentence. 


156        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXVIII. 

rOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis,  I.  9,  5-12. 

a.  Genitive  with  Adjectives.      1139-42;  H.  753. 

b.  General  Suppositions.     1393,  i,  2;  H.  894,  i,  2. 

c.  €7rt  with  Genitive  denoting  Time.      12 10,  i,  b\ 

H.  799,  I,  c. 

I .  Cyrus  ^  had  the  reputation  of  being  very 
well  trained  in  archery-.  2.  Against  wild  animals 
he  was  venturesome.  3.  Once  a  bear  rushed 
upon  him  and  dragged  him  off  his  horse. 
4.  But  he  grappled  with  the  bear  and  slew 
it.  5.  And  he  still  has  the  scars  ^of  the 
wounds  he  then  received.  6.  Cyrus  deemed  it 
of  the  utmost  importance  to  obey  his  elders. 
7.  ^  If  he  made  any  promise  to  any  one,  he 
never  ^  proved  false.  8.  ^If  he  makes  a  promise 
to  any  one,  he  never  proves  false.  9.  ^  If  he 
once   became    friendly  to    any  one,   he    never 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  1 57 

abandoned  him.  lo.  Consequently  many  of 
the  men  of  our  time  entrusted  their  property 
and  even  their  persons  to  him.  ii.  The 
Milesians  preferred  ^  Tissaphernes  to  Cyrus. 

I.  See7fied  to  he.  2.  Of  w/iat  [things]  he 
then  suffered.  3.  Past  general  supposition. 
4.  Which  negative?  5.  Present  general  sup- 
position.     6.   Cf.  Kvpov  .  .  .  avTi  Tto-o-a</)e/ovovs. 

TTpos  TO,  0if]pta  ttx-XoKivSwoTttTos  :  contra  feras  ad  peri- 
cula  subeunda  promptissimus.  ircpl  ttXcio-tov  irotcicrGai  : 
plurimi  facere.  €i!  tw  virocrxoiTo  ti  :  si  cui  aliquid  polli- 
cebatur.  Kvpov  ciXovto  olvtI  5?i<r<ra<()€pvovs  :  Cyrum  Tis- 
sapherni  praetulerunt.  rd  |X€v  ciraOev,  wv  :  volnera  acce- 
pit,  quorum.  \|/£v8ojjLai  :  fidem  fallo.  Translate  7  into 
Latin. 


15^        BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXIX. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  9,  13-20. 

a.  Adjective  as  Noun.     932;  H.  621. 
k    Participle     denoting      Condition.       1563,    5  ; 
H.  969,  d. 

c.  Neuter    Adjective    as     Cognate    Accusative. 

1054;   H.  716. 

d.  Indicative   for   Optative   in   General  Supposi- 

tions.     1395,  1432;   H.  894,  c. 

I.  One  v^ould  say  that  under  ^  the  govern- 
ment of  Cyrus  the  good  were  ^in  a  high  state 
of  prosperity.  2.  ^One  might  go  in  safety 
wherever  he  pleased,  ^if  he  did  no  wrong. 
3.  But  ^bad  men  were  often  seen  deprived  of 
feet,  hands,  or  eyes.  4.  The  brave  in  war  were 
preeminently  honored  by  Cyrus.  5.  Whenever 
he  saw  any  one  brave  in  war,  he  honored  him. 
6.  Therefore   it  was   possible    to    see   a    great 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  159 

number^  of  men  willing  to  incur  danger  for 
Cyrus.  7.  ^It  was  not  on  account  of  their 
monthly  pay  that  generals  and  captains  served 
him.  8.  But  because  they  found  it  to  be  more 
profitable  not "  to  demand  pay.  9.  If  any  one 
proved  to  be  a  skilful  steward,  he  never  went  ^ 
unrewarded.  10.  Cyrus  never  envied  ^  any  one 
whom  he  saw  getting  gain  openly. 

\.  In,  2.  Most  prosperous.  3.  Express  in 
two  ways.  4.  The  bad,  ^.Abundance,  6.  Ex- 
press the  emphasis  by  the  position  of  the 
phrase.  7.  What  negative  goes  with  the  infi- 
nitive?    8.   Was.     9.   Whomever. 

One  would  say:  dicas.  e-ycvcTO  'Trop€V€(rOai  :  licebat  iter 
facere.  iroSoiv  <rT€po|i€vovs  :  pedibus  privates,  to  Kara  • 
|iT]va  K€p8os  :  menstruum  stipendium.  els  {as  regards)  8t- 
Kaio<rvvT]v  :  quod  attinet  ad  iustitiam.  wo-tc  <)>aiv€(r6ai .  .  . 
d|io\)v  :  ut  videretur  aequum  iudicare.  Prosperous :  bea- 
tus.    Translate  i  and  3  into  Latin. 


i6o        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXX. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  8,  26 — 9,  20, 

1 .  ^  It  is  agreed  by  all  ^  who  were  intimately 
acquainted  with  Cyrus  that  he  was  the  most 
worthy  to  rule  of  all  the  Persians  since  Cyrus 
the  elder.  For  he  was  wise  and  modest,  and 
he  had  learned  ^  in  his  youth  that  a  ruler  must 
know^  also  how  to  obey.^ 

2.  When  he  became  satrap  of  Lydia  and 
Phrygia,  he  soon  showed  himself  to  be  faithful 
to  all  ^who  served  him  well.  Consequently 
many  preferred  him  to  Tissaphernes,  with 
whom  he  was  at  war. 

3.  But  if  any  persons"  wronged  him  in  any 
way,  he  made  it  of  great  importance  to  punish 
these  ^with  the  utmost  severity,  for  he  fre- 
quently deprived  them  of  their  feet,  hands  or 
eyes,  and  sometimes  put  them  to  death. 


FOR    WRITTEN  TRANSLATION 


i6i 


I.  Use  the  personal  construction,  recasting 
the  sentence.  2.  See  Ex.  77,  note  4.  3.  Being 
still  a  boy.  4.  otSa.  5.  Be  ruled.  6.  Use 
participle.  7.  Omit.  8.  Most  unsparingly  of 
all. 

apx€iv  T€  Kal  apx€cr0at  :  imperare  et  parere.  Kvpcp 
KaXws  irciBdpxetv  :  Cyro  recte  parere  ;  or  Cyri  dicto  recte 
audientes  esse.  d<f>€t8€<rTaTa  ttoLvtcov  ripKopcio-Oai :  seve- 
rissime  animadvertere  [in  eos].  Translate  the  first  sen- 
tence of  2  into  Latin. 


xnrod'/ifJi.aTa, 


1 62         BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXXI. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  9,  21-28. 

a.  Infinitive  with  the  Article  as  Subject.     1542; 

H.  959. 

b.  Genitive  with  Verbs  signifying  to  Taste,  etc. 

1102;  H.  742. 

c.  Infinitive  with  the  Article  as  Dative  of  Respect. 

1547;  H.  959. 

I.  Cyrus  ^used  to  distribute  gifts  to  his 
friends,  whenever ^  he  saw  that  they  needed^ 
them.  '  2.  About  personal  adornments,  he  said 
that  he  could  not  use^  all  that  were  sent  to 
him.  3.  But  he  did  wish  to  see  his  friends 
well  dressed.  4.  It  is  not  at  all  surprising 
^that  he  thought  friends  well  dressed  were  the 
best  ornament  for  him.  5.  And  his^  surpass- 
ing others  in  the  desire  to  oblige  is  ^particu- 
larly admirable.     6.  Whenever  he  sent  wine  to 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  163 

his  friends,  he  ^  requested  them  to  drink  it  with 
those  whom  they  loved  best.  7.  Whenever  he 
was  pleased  with  his  wine,  he  wished  his  friends 
to  have  a  taste  of  it.  8.  And  he  did  not  even 
wish  horses  to  go  hungry.  9.  For  he  often 
sent  around  fodder  for  them,  when  he  was  able 
to  provide  it.  10.  Certainly  no  one  was  loved 
by  more  persons  ^  than  Cyrus  was.^ 

I.  What  tense  expresses  this  idea?  2.  ore. 
3.  Use  participle.  4.  xpaojuat.  5.  The  think- 
ing, qX.c.  6.  The.  7.  Cf . /AotAAov  dyao-ra.  8.  Cf. 
8etTat'  (Tov.      9.   Omit. 

TO  ircpieivai  twv  <|)CX(ov  :  quod  superabat  amicos.  d-Ya- 
o-TO, :  admiranda.  He  req2test€(H/ie??i :  qos  rogohdil.  tovtcov 
7€i)<ra(r9ai :  haec  gustare.  aires  <|>t\c«)v  w€to  5€io-9ai :  ami- 
cis  opus  sibi  esse  existimabat.  oirov  5€  xiXos  cnrdvios 
TTcLvv  cI't]  :  ubicunque  pabulum  admodum  rarum  erat. 
Certainly:  profecto.     Translate  i  and  10  into  Latin. 


164        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXXII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  9,  29  —  10,  4. 

a.  Genitive  with  Verbs  of  Obtaining,  etc.      1099; 

H.  739- 

b.  Infinitive  with  av  for  Optative  with  av.     1494; 

H.  964,  a. 

c.  Participle  denoting  Attendant   Circumstance. 

1563.  7;   H.  969. 

d.  Infinitive  as  Object  (not  in  Indirect  Discourse). 

1519;   H.  948. 

^  I.  Orontas  is  said  to  have  tried  to  desert 
from  Cyrus  to  the  king.  2.  But  no  one  else,^ 
either  2  Greek  or^  barbarian,  ever^  deserted  him. 

3.  For  these  all  thought  that  they  would  be 
honored    more    by    Cyrus    than    by    the    king. 

4.  *'If  we  are  brave,"  said  they,  ''we  shall 
obtain  fitting  honor."  5.  ''If  we  should  ^ prove 
ourselves    brave,    we    should    obtain     honor." 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  165 

6.  Ariaios  did  not  particularly  love  Cyrus,  and 
^the  following  is  a  proof  of  it.  7.  When 
Cyrus  fell,  Ariaios  fled  with  his  whole  army. 
8.  While  ^  all  his  faithful  friends  died  fighting 
over  ^  his  dead  body.  9.  Then  the  king  ordered 
Cyrus's  head  and  right  hand  to  be  cut  off. 
10.  And  after  that  he  marched  to  Cyrus's 
camp  and  plundered  it. 

I.  Other.  2.  ovre  .  .  .  ovt^.  3.  ttotc.  4.  Be- 
come. 5.  Tovro  or  To^t  ?  6.  8e.  7.  Him  having 
fallen. 

T€KjAT|piov  TOVTOv  Kttl  ToSc  :  cuius  Tci  hoc  quoquc  argu- 
mentum  est.  vircp  Kvpov  :  pro  Cyro.  diroTCfivw  :  abs- 
cido.  dirrici  and  dir-nXOe  :  transfugiqbat.  Kal  ovtos  81^  : 
atque  hie  profecto.  Translate  3  and  9  into  Latin.  That 
they  would  be  honored ;  use  fore  ut,  etc. 


1 66        BEGINNER'S   GREEK   COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXXIII. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  10,  5-10. 

a.  Alternative  Questions.      1606;   H.  1017. 
h.  Genitive  Absolute.      1152,  1568;   H.  970. 
c.    Interrogative  Subjunctive  represented  by  Opta- 
tive.     1490;   H.  932,  2  (2). 

I.  The  Greeks,  having  defeated  the  force  ^ 
opposite  them,  ^  started  in  pursuit.  2.  But 
Klearchos  deliberated  ^  as  to  whether  he  should 
pursue  the  enemy  or  go  back  to  the  camp. 
3.  ''^  Shall  I  pjarsue  or  go  back  .^ "  4.  The 
king  also  deliberated  ^as  to  whether  he  should 
^face  about  or  move  forward.  5.  For  many  of 
his  men  had  deserted  to  the  Greeks  in  the  battle. 
6.  ^As  Tissaphernes  was  advancing  along  the 
river,  the  Greeks  shot  at  his  men.  7.  Here 
he  "^  got  the  worst  of  it,  ^  and  did  not  kill  any 
Greek  at  all.     8.   But,  having  met  the  king  at 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  167 

the  Greek  camp,  he  marched  along  with  him. 
9.  Now  the  Greeks  feared  that  they  might  be 
cut  off  on  both  sides.  10.  So  they  ^wheeled 
round  and  put  the  river  in  their  rear. 

I.  Omit.  2.  Went  pur suhig.  3.  Omit  "as 
to."  4.  Interrogative  (dehberative)  subjunc- 
tive. 5.  (TTpecfxi).  6.  Genitive  absolute.  7.  Cf. 
fji€Lov  €x^V'  8.  Au?r  (ovSe)  did  he  kill  no  Greek. 
9.    Folded  back  the  wing. 

Whether  he  shoidd  pursue  or  go  back:  utrum  insequere- 
tur  an  abiret.  On  both  sides:  ex  utraque  parte.  Put  the 
river  in  their  rear:  a  tergo  flumen  reliquerunt.  €ls  to 
irpdcrGcv  :  ulterius.  €i  irefiirotcv  :  mitterentne.  Stao-TolvTcs  : 
ordinibus  laxatis.  Cut  off:  intercludo.  Translate  5  and 
9  into  Latin. 


1 68        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXXIV. 

FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  1<),   1 1  -  19. 

a.  Adverbial  Accusative.      1060;   H.  719. 

b.  Optative  in  Causal  Sentences.    1506;  H.  925,  <^. 

c.  Genitive  with   Verbs   of  Fulness    and  Want. 

1112;  H. 743. 

I.  The  Greeks  halted  at  a  certain  village, 
beyond  which  was  a  hill.  2.  This  hill  was 
covered  not  with  infantry  but  with  cavalry. 
3.  There  the  royal  ensign  was  seen.  4.  ^  So 
that  the  Greeks  knew  that  the  king's  army  had 
rallied  there.^  5.  But  finally  the  enemy  aban- 
doned the  hill,  some  one  way  and  some  another. 
6.  Then  Lykios  was  sent  to'^  ascertain  ^the 
situation  beyond  the  hill.  7.  During  all  this 
time  Cyrus  nowhere  appeared.  8.  And  Klear- 
chos  wondered  that  he  heard  nothing  ^from 
him.      9.    He  had  fallen  in  the  battle,  but  the 


FOR    ORAL    TRANSLATION  169 

Greeks  did  not  know  it.^  10.  For  they  had 
gone  in  pursuit  of  the  left  wing  of  the  bar- 
barian army.  1 1 .  When  they  came  back  to 
their  camp  they  found  neither  food  nor  drink. 
12.  For  the  king  had  plundered  the  wagons  in 
which  were  the  barley  and  wine. 

I.  ^(TT^  with  indicative.  2.  avrov.  3.  tva. 
4.  T/ie  \things\.  5.  Genitive  of  source. 
6.  Omit. 

The  hill  was  covered  with  cavalry :  collis  equitibus  im- 
pletus  est.  aWoi  oXXoOcv  :  alii  ex  alia  parte.  He  wondered 
that  he  heard  nothing :  mirabatur  se  nihil  audire  or  quod 
nihil  audiret.  Rally:  se  conligere.  tol  virep  tov  X6()>ov  : 
quae  erant  supra  collem.     Translate  4  and  6  into  Latin. 


170        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXXV. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Anabasis  I.  9,  21  — 10,  19. 

1.  The  troops  of  Artaxerxes  ^got  into  the 
camp  of  Cyrus  and  ^ began  to  plunder  it  ^with- 
out resistance.  Even  the  women  in  Cyrus's  train 
*fell  into  their  power,  except  that  one,  a  Mile- 
sian, after  being  captured,  escaped  to  the 
Greeks  who  had  been  left  in  the  .camp  ^to 
guard  the  baggage. 

2.  While  Artaxerxes  was  thus  stripping  the 
Cyreian  camp,  Tissaphernes  fell  in  with  him, 
after  having  charged  through  ^between  the 
Greek  peltasts  and  the  river.  At  this  time 
^  there  was  a  distance  of  about  thirty  stades 
between  him  and  Klearchos,  ^so  far  had  ^the 
latter  advanced  in  pursuit  of  the  Persian  fugi- 
tives. 

3.  ^^  Apprised,  however,  that  the  king's  troops 
had  been  victorious  on  the  left  and  centre,  and 


FOR    WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  171 

i^were  masters  of  the  camp,  but  not  yet  know- 
ing ^^of  Cyrus's  death,  Klearchos  ^^  marched 
back  his  troops,  and  met  the  enemy's  forces 
also  returning. 

\,  Arrived  at.  2.  Were  plundering,  t,- ^0  one 
opposing  (KoiXvio).  4.  Were  captured.  5.  Guard- 
ijig.  6.  fjiera^v.  7.  Recast  the  sentence. 
8.  ToaovTov.  9.  ovTo<;.  10.  Klearchos^  whe?i 
he  had  learned.,  etc.  11.  Kparew.  12.  Not 
literal.       13.    aTrayo). 

Withoiit  resistance  :  nullo  resistente.  8i€(rxov  aXX-^Xtov 
Pao-iX€vs  T€  Kal  ot  "E\Xt]V€s  ws  TpidKovra  o-rdSia  :  rex  atque 
Graeci  inter  se  stadia  circiter  triginta  distabant. 


172  BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXXVI. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Klearchos  encourages  the  Greeks. 

Note.  —  In  this  and  the  following  exercises,  the  references 
are  to  the  Anabasis. 

a.  Expressions  of  a  Wish.    1507,1511;  H.  870-1. 

b.  Suppositions  contrary  to  Fact.    1397  ;  H.  895. 

c.  Exhortations  and  Prohibitions.     1344-46  ;  H. 

866,  I,  2. 

Several  of  the  necessary  words  and  constructions 
occur  in  II.  i,  4  and  12  ;   III.  2,  6. 

When  the  messenger  had  spoken,  Klearchos 
stood  up  and  said :  *'  ^  To  be  sure,  it  is  not  the 
part  of  a  wise  man  to  desire  that  which  is 
impossible  ;  still,^  would  that  Artaxerxes  had 
died  instead  of  Cyrus.  ^  In  that  case  we  should 
now  be  as^  happy  as^  the  great  king  himself. 
But  although  Cyrus  is  dead,  it  is  possible  for 
us  to  get  back  in  safety  to  Hellas,  if  we  prove  ^ 


FOR    WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  I73 

ourselves  brave  men.  Therefore  be  not  "^down- 
hearted, fellow-soldiers,  but  ^  cheer  up.  May 
the  gods  save  you  and  me  from  all  perils,  and 
may  you  see  your  wives  and  children,  whom 
you  left  behind.  But  what^  to  do  now.'*  Let 
us  announce  to  Ariaios  that  %ve  are  victorious, 
and  so,  were  Cyrus  alive,  we  would  make  him 
king.  But  Ariaios  shall  be  king,  if  he  comes 
to  us,  for  it  belongs  to  the  victor  to  rule." 
When  they  had  heard  those  words  both  generals 
and  soldiers,  ^^as  was  natural,  were  much  less 
despondent. 

I.  /xcV.  2.  8e.  3.  OUT (o?,  representing  a  pro- 
tasis ="  if  he  had  died."  4.  wo-Trep.  5.  /cat. 
6.  Don't  try  to  think  of  a  word  for  "  prove." 
Translate  the  thought.  7.  III.  2,  18.  8.  I. 
3,  8.     9.  See  Ex.  66,  c.     10.  II.  2,  19. 


174        BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXXVII. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
The  Speech  of  Theopoinpos. 

Study  the  uses  of  /x?;,  /a^  ou,  and  ov  yJ]  in  the 
Grammar.  Study  also  the  uses  of  /itJ  in  I. 
3,  lo;  I.  4,  i8  ;  II.  I,  12  ;  II.  3,  lo  ;  II.  4, 
17  ;  III.  5,  II.  Of  /x^  ov  in  I.  7>  7  ;  H-  3> 
II.     Of  ov  /xt;  in  II.  2,  12. 

'*Do  not  think,  messengers  of  the  great 
king,  that  we  will  deliver  up  our  arms,  unless 
we  wish  to  rob  ourselves  of  the  only  good 
things  which  we  have.  If  we  keep  these, 
surely  the  king  will  not  be  able  to  prevent  ^ 
our  marching  through  his  plains  and  cities,  and 
carrying  off  what  we  wish,  so  that  we  may  not 
return  home  empty-handed.^  Does  he  intend, 
as  you  say,  to  break  up  the  bridges,  so  that  we 
may  not  cross  the  rivers  ?  Then  we  will  seize 
his  boats  ;  for    I    do   not   fear,  fellow-soldiers, 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  175 

that  we  may  not  be  able  to  do  this,  to  injure 
him  in  other  ways,  and  to  escape  beyond  his 
reach,  if  not  to  get  off  by  stealth,  as  Xenias 
and  Pasion  did.  Therefore,  my  friends,  let  us 
send  these  messengers  off  with  this  answer  : 
'  Say  to  your  king  that  we  will  not  deliver 
up  our  arms,  and  that,  brave  men  as  we  pro- 
fess ^  to  be,  we  should  be  ashamed  not  to  keep 
them/  " 

I.    See  Ex.  58,  C,      2.    kcvos.      3.    ev^ofxai. 


crdX7rt7|, 


176        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXXVIII. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
The  Greeks  in  Perplexity. 

a.  Interrogative  Words.     1600,  1603-6;    H.  278, 

1015,  1017. 

b.  Indirect    Questions    and    Quotations,    1476, 

1479-86;  H.  930,^^ 

It  has  been  related  in  the  preceding  narra- 
tive ^  that  Cyrus  was  killed,  though  the  Greeks 
had  defeated  2  the  force  opposed  to  them.  Now 
what  they  should  do,  they  did  not  know. 
They  had  learned  '^the  nature  of  the  country 
between  the  Tigris  and  the  canal;  for  after 
the  battle  Klear.chos  had  sent  for  one  of  the 
deserters  ^  from  the  great  king  and  asked  him 
whether  there  were  villages  full  of  provisions, 
and  whether  they  could  cross  the  rivers.  The 
man  on  being  questioned  answered  that  he 
thought    the   undertaking    would    be  impracti- 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  177 

cable. ^  Then  Proxenos  said,  for  he  happened 
to  be  present,  that  he  had  heard  that  the  enemy 
had  no  boats,  so  as  to  prevent  ^  their  crossing. 
''But  where''  shall  ive  get  boats  .'^ "  asked 
Xenophon.  *'^  Shall  we  not  have  to  swim^ 
the  rivers  }  But,  by  Zeus,  unless  ^^  I  am  mis- 
taken,^^  there  are  some  of  us  who  ^^  don't  know 
how  to  swim."  Thereupon  all  laughed, ^^  but 
poor  ^^  Proxenos  ^^  hung  his  head,  for  he  per- 
ceived that  he  had  talked  nonsense. ^^ 

I.  II.  I,  I.  2.  I.  10,  5.  3.  Of  what 
sort.  4.  I.  7,  2.  5.  I.  2,  21.  6.  I.  3,  16. 
7.  Whence.  8.  Willit  not  be  necessai'y  1  g.  viw. 
10.  d  fiT].  II.  I.  8,  II.  12.  Caufiot,  13.  ye- 
Aaco.  14.  SetAds.  15.  Was  despondeiit.,  dOvfjiiw, 
16.   I.  3,  17. 


178        BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    LXXXIX. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
£pisthenes  and  the  Tliracian  Lad. 

Now  ^  there  was  a  certain  Olynthian,  who, 
seeing  a  handsome  boy  carrying  a  shield  and 
a  spear,  ran  up  to  Xenophori  and  begged^  him 
to  save  the  youth.  '^For,"  said  he,  *' I  love 
beautiful  boys,  and  Seuthes  is  about  to  put 
him  to  death,  unless  you  rescue  him."  So^ 
Xenophon  went  to  Seuthes  and  begged  him 
not  to  slay  the  boy,  for  the  sake  of  the  Olyn- 
thian. Thereupon  Seuthes  asked,  '^  ^  Should 
you,  Episthenes,"  for  that  was  the  name  of  the 
Olynthian,  '^be  willing  to  die  for  this  boy.'*" 
At  once  Episthenes  stretched  out  his  neck^  and 
said,  *'  Strike,  if  the  boy  bids  you,  and  will  ^  be 
grateful."  Then  Seuthes  turned  to  the  boy 
and  said,  "  Shall  I  smite  him,  instead  of  you } " 
The  boy,  however,  would  not  suffer''  that,  but 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION 


179 


implored  him  not^  to  kill  either.^  Where- 
upon Episthenes  embraced  ^  the  boy  and  said, 
"  Seuthes,  you  will  have  to  fight  with  me  for 
this  boy,  for  I  will  not  ^^let  him  go."  But 
Seuthes  laughed,  and  suffered  the  boy  to  live. 

I.  Se.  2.  The  same  word  means  wa7it^ 
desire.  3.  Kai  4.  On  interrogative  particles 
see  Ex.  88,  a.  5.  1.5)8-  6.  1.4^15.  7.  I. 
4,  9.  Use  the  imperfect  indicative.  8.  /A?y3e- 
re/oos.      9.   7r€/otAa/x/?av(o.       10.   /x€^67y/xt. 


(From  Mykenai.) 


i8o        BEGINNEK'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XC. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
A  Midnigrht  March. 

About  midnight  Seuthes  came  with  the 
cavalry  and  ^ light  infantry;  and  when  he  had 
^handed  over  the  guides,  the  heavy  infantry 
led  and  the  light  troops  followed.  As  soon  as 
^day  dawned,  Seuthes  rode  up  to  the  front  ^ 
and  praised  the  Greek  custom;  for  many  times, 
he  said,  he  himself,  while  marching  with  a 
few,  got  separated  ^  with  his  cavalry  from  the 
infantry.  '*  But  now,"  said  he,  ''■  we  ^  find  our- 
selves at  dawn  all  together,"  just  as  we  ought 
to  be.  But  do  you  wait  here,  and  I  will  ^look 
about  and  come  back."  So  saying  he  took  a 
certain  path  over  a  mountain  and  rode  off.  As 
soon  as  he  reached  deep^  snow,^^  he  looked  to 
see  if  there  were  foot-prints  of  men  leading 
forward   or  in   the    opposite    direction.      When 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION  i8i 

he  saw  that  the  way  was  untrodden, ^^  he  came 
back  quickly  and  said,  **  Friends,  all  will  be 
well,  if  God  wills,  for  we  shall  ^^fall  upon 
the  men  at  unawares.  But  I  will  lead  the 
horse,  in  order  that,  if  we  see  any  one,  he  may 
not  escape  and  ^^give  the  enemy  warning." 

I.  Peltasts,  2.  II.  I,  i8.  3.  //  was  day. 
4.  I.  3>  I.  5.  II.  2,  12.  6.  Are.  7.  I.  10, 
13.  8.  (jK€7rT0ju,at.  9.  Much,  10.  x^wv,  y). 
II.  oLTpi/Si^s.  12.  Recall  the  idiom  with  Aav- 
60LVO),     13.  (Trjfjiatvix),  properly  make  sign  to. 


<^=^ 


|/0OJ. 


l82        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XCI. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Seutlies  with  the  Greeks  surprises  some  Villages. 

After  this  the  general  went  off  and  Timasion 
with  him,  having  about  forty  of  the  Greek 
horsemen.  Then  Xenophon  ^  passed  along  the 
word  for  those  up^  to  thirty  ^  years  of  age  to 
come  forward  from  all  the  companies,  and  with 
these  he  himself  set  out  ^  with  speed,  while 
Kleanor  led  -the  other  Hellenes.  When  they 
had  reached  the  villages,  Seuthes,  with  about 
thirty  troopers,  rode  up  and  said:  *'Well,^ 
Xenophon,  this  is  just  as  you  said.  The  men 
are  taken;  but  my  cavalry  have  ridden  off  in 
pursuit,  ^one  one  way  another  another,  and 
I  am  afraid  that  the  enemy  will  assemble  and 
do  them  some  harm.  Some  of  us  must  remain 
in  the  villages,  for  they  are  full  of  men." 
"Well,    I  will  take  the  heights  with  the  men 


FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION  183 

whom  I  have,"  said  Xenophon.  **Ancl  do  you 
order  Kleanor  to  extend  his  line  through  the 
plain  along  by  the  villages."  When  they  had 
done  this,  slaves'*  and  cattle  in  great  numbers 
were  taken,  and  ten  thousand  sheep. ^  Then 
they  remained  there  all  that  night  guarding 
their  booty."^ 

I.  Trapeyyvdo).  2.  ct5.  3.  to  iro^.  4.  I.  5>  9- 
5.  dXXd.  6.  Atiother  in  another  way,  7.  I. 
2,  27.      8.    TTpofSara, 


dpeiraPTjcpdpos, 


184        BEGINNER'S   GREElC  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XCII. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Xenophuii's  Defence. 

"There  is  nothing  which  a  man  may  not 
expect,^  since  I  am  blamed  ^  by  you  because  I 
have  done  you  good.  I  had  already  set  out 
for  home,  but  I  turned  back,  not,  ^  Heaven 
knows,  because  I  learned  that  you  were  pros- 
pering,^ but  to  help  you,  if  in  any  way  I  could, 
because  I  heard  that  you  were  in  ^  sore  straits. 
Afterwards  Seuthes  here  sent  me  many  mes- 
sengers, and  made  me  many  promises,  if  I 
would  persuade  you  to  go  to  him.  'I  will  give 
you,  O  Xenophon,'  said  he,  'my  daughter,  and 
if  you  have  a  daughter,  I  will  buy^  her  in 
Thracian  fashion.'  "^  His  daughter  I  did  not 
marry,^  as  you  well  know,  ^  although  I  have  no 
wife.  What  did  I  do  .^  I  led  you  to  a  place 
from  which   I  thought   you    could    cross    most 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION  185 

easily  into  Asia.  This  I  thought  was  the  best 
thing  for  you,  and  I  knew  you  desired  it.  But 
when  Aristarchos  came  with  triremes  and  pre- 
vented your  sailing  across,^^  I  assembled  you, 
in  order  that  we  might  take  counsel  what  it 
^^  was  necessary  to  do." 

I.  TTpooSoKdw.    2.  air  Lav  €^0).    3.  I.  4j  8.    4.  Cf. 

1.  9,  10.      5.  1.  3,  13-      6.  II.  3,  27.      7.  I. 

2,  15.  8.  ya)Lt€to.  9.  What  better  way  to  turn 
this  than  by  a  clause.'^  10.  Express  by  the 
prefix  of  the  verb.  1 1.  The  subjunctive  would 
be  necessary  in  Latin. "  Would  the  indicative 
be  right  in  Greek  ? 


i86        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE    XCIII. 

FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION. 
Xenophon's  Defence.  — {Continued.) 

"  How,  therefore,  have  I  done  wrong  in  lead- 
ing you  where  it  seemed  best  to  all  of  you  to 
come  ?  ^  I  pray  you,  do  not  think  I  have 
deceived  ^  you  and  kept  what  is  yours.  I  sup- 
pose if  Seuthes  had  given  me  anything,  he 
would  have  given  it  ^for  this  purpose,  that  by 
giving  me  less,  it  might  not  be  necessary  for 
him  to  give  you  more.  If,  therefore,  you  think 
this  has  been  done,  it  is  possible  to  make  this 
arrangement^  useless^  to  both  of  us,  if  you 
will  ^  demand  back  from  him  the  money  due  "^ 
you.  For  it  is  evident  that,  if  I  have  anything 
from  him,  he  will  demand  it  back  ;  and  he 
would  demand  it  justly.  But  that  you  may 
wonder  more,  I  swear  ^  to  you  that  I  have  not 
even   received  what   the   other  generals   have. 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION  187 

*  But  are  you  not  ashamed,'  some  one  might 
say,  *  to  have  been  so  deceived  ? '  Fellow- 
soldiers,  ^  would  that  I  had  not  been  so  deceived 
by  him  whom  I  thought  a  friend  to  you  and  to 
me." 

I.  Omit.     2.   I.  3,  5.     3.  I.  3,  I.     4.  Noun 
from     TrpoLTTU).         5.     fjidTaLO<i.         6.     I.     2,     li. 

7.  Omit  and  change  the  form  of  expression. 

8.  II.  2,  9.  9.  By  what  mood  is  such  a  wish 
expressed  referring  to  the  past  and  hence 
incapable  of  being  realized  ? 


^(hvT). 


1 88        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION 

4 

EXERCISE    XCIV. 

FOR  WRITTEN  TRANSLATION. 
Saiubaulas  and  his  ugly  Friend. 

After  this,  Cyrus,  observing  ^  that  one  of  his 
captains  had  as  his  guest  and  ^  companion  at 
table  an  ^exceedingly  ugly-looking  man,  called 
the  captain  to  him  by  name  and  spoke  to  him 
thus  :  "  Sambaulas,  do  you  take  that  young 
man  who  sits  next  to  you,  about  with  you, 
*  according  to  the  Greek  custom,  because  he  is 
so  handsome  .^  "  ''^Yes,  by  Zeus,"  said  Sam- 
baulas ;  ''^at  any  rate  I  am  pleased  "with  his 
conversation,  and  even  with  looking  at  him." 
They  who  were  in  the  tent,  upon  hearing  this 
remark,  looked  at  the  man,  and  when  they  saw 
that  he  was  exceedingly  ugly,  all  began  to 
laugh  ;  and  one  of  them  said,  **^In  the  name 
of  all  the  gods,  Sambaulas,  by  what  service^ 
has  this  man  so  attached ^^   himself  to  you?" 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION  189 

He  said,  ''  Friends,  I  will  tell  you.  Whenever 
I  have  called  upon  him,  either  by  night  or  by 
day,  he  never  said  he  had  no  leisure  ^^  ;  he  never 
obeyed  lazily,^^  but  ^'^with  the  utmost  despatch. 
Whenever  I  ordered  him  to  do  anything,  I 
never  saw  him  execute  it  ^^  without  activity, 
and  he  has  made  all  the  men  in  his  tent  like 
himself." 

1.1.2,4.  2.11.5,27.  3.  "  Exceedingly^' 
expressed  by  the  prefix  in  virepaiaxpo^s.  4.  Kara. 
5.  1.7)9-  ^-  yo^i/,  postpositive.  7.  Being  zvith 
him,  crvvwv.  8.  I.  6,  6.  9.  Ipyov.  10.  avap- 
raw.  II.  I.  6,  9.  12.  pdSr)v.  13.  Literally 
running,  I.  5,  2.  14.  Express  by  the  adverb 
dvtS/oooTt'. 


IQO        BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XCV. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Burying  a  Man  Alive. 

"I  will  tell  you,"  said  Xenophon,  **  what  the 
circumstance^  was,  for  it  is  at  least  ^ worth 
while  to  hear  it.  A  man  was  left  behind  on 
account  ^of  not  being  able  to  go  on.  I  saw 
that  the  man  was  one  of  us,  and  I  compelled  ^ 
you  (turning^  to  the  soldier)  to  carry  him,  so 
that  he  might  not  perish^  ;  for,  as  I  think,  the 
enemy  were  "^  close  at  our  heels.  After  I  had 
sent  you  forward  I  overtook^  you.  You  had 
laid  the  man  down  and  were  digging^  a  hole, 
as  if  to  bury^^  him.  Thereupon  I  stopped 
and  praised  you.  While  some  of  us  were 
standing  by,  the  man  yawned. ^^  *  Why,^^  ^he 
man  is  alive! '  ^'^ cried  out  the  bystanders.  'Let 
him  be  alive  as  much  as  he  pleases,'  you  replied, 
*I,   at   any  rate,  won't  carry  him  any  longer.' 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  191 

Then  I  struck  you,  for  you  seemed  to  me  to 
know  that  he  was  alive."  '*  But  didn't  the 
man  die?"  asked  the  soldier.  ''^^Yes,  by 
Zeus,"  answered  Xenophon,  *'we  shall  all  die, 
but  for  that  reason  must  we  be  buried  alive.'*" 

I.  The  same  word  in  Greek  means  affair^ 
thing.  2.  a^to9.  3.  Use  the  infinitive  with 
the  article.  4.  dmyKa^w.  5.  What  voice? 
6.  I.  2,  25.  7.  Don't  try  to  think  of  a  word 
foreclose,"  nor  for  "heels."  8.  The  same 
word  means  catch  in  I.  8,  20.  9.  The  same 
word  means  quarry  m  I.  5,  5.  10.  Compound 
the  last  word  referred  to  with  Kara.     1 1 .  xao-Ko). 

12.    aXXa.        13.    avaKpd^u).        14.    vai.     Cf.     also 

I.  4,  8. 


192        BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XCVI. 

I  FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 

Cyrus  visits  his  Grandfather. 

[Harvard  Entrance  Examination,  1887.] 

UntiP  he  was  twelve  years  old  Cyrus  was 
educated  2  among  the  Persians  and  followed 
the  more  simple  ^mode  of  life  which  was  pre- 
scribed^ by  the  Persian  customs.  But  after- 
wards he  went  to  his  grandfather  Astyages, 
king  of  the  Medes.  And  he  was  amazed  when 
he  first  saw  his  grandfather  decked^  with 
purple  tunics  and  necklaces'^  and  bracelets,^ 
which  were  customary  with  the  Medes  ;  still, 
when  his  grandfather  decked  him  with  a  beauti- 
ful robe,^  "child  as  he  was,  and  ambitious,^  he 
was  greatly  delighted.  When  his  mother  asked 
him  whether  his  father  or  his  grandfather 
seemed  to  him  more  beautiful,  he  replied  that 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  193 

his  father  was  by  far  the  most  beautiful  man 
of  all  the  Persians,  but  of  all  the  Medes  whom 
he  had  seen  in  the  streets^  and  in  the  palace 
his  grandfather  seemed  to  be  the  most  beauti- 
ful. 

I.  The  same  word  means  as  far  as  in  I.  7> 
15.  2.  I.  9,  2.  3.  The  same  word  means 
life  in  I.  I,  i.  4.  I.  6,  10.  5.  I.  9,  23.  6.  I. 
2,  27.  7.  are  with  participle.  8.  The  same 
word  vaedins  feel  piqued  \Yi  I.  4,  7.  9.  The  same 
word  means  road. 


yp^Xiop, 


194        BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XCVII. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Events  in  the  Korinthian  "War. 

[Harvard  Entrance  Examination,  1889.] 

After  this  the  rest  of  the  army  was  dis- 
missed ^  to  their  various  ^  cities,  and  Agesilaos 
^sailed  away  homewards.  ^In  consequence  of 
this  the  Athenians,  ^setting  out  from  Korinth, 
and  the  Lakedaimonians  ^  began  hostilities. 
And  most  of  the  Korinthians,  seeing  their 
own  country  ravaged,^  while  the  other  allies  of 
the  Athenians  were  at  peace,  became  desirous 
of  peace  themselves.  But  the  other  Korinthi- 
ans with  the  Athenians  and  the  Argives,  learn- 
ing that  Korinth  was  in  danger  ^of  joining  the 
Spartans  again,  devised  a  most  impious  deed, 
that  they  might  dispose  of  those  who  ^were 
inclined  to  peace.     They  chose  ^^  the  last  day 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION 


195 


of  a  festival,  on  which  they  thought  that  they 
should  find  ^^  a  greater  number  in  the  market- 
place, and  put  to  death  many  of  the  best 
citizens,  even  slaughtering  ^^  some  who  had 
taken  refuge  at  the  altars  in  the  market-place. 

I.  I.  3,  19.     2.  Omit.     3.  I.  3,  14.     4.  I. 

3>  II.  5.  I.  I)  9.  6.  TToXe/Aeo).  7.  Syjoct). 
8.  XaKwviCdi.  9.  T/3€7roj,  perfect  passive  parti- 
ciple. 10.  Trpoaipeo),  11.  The  common  word 
ior  catch,  seize,     12.  (tcjxxtto). 


K^pas, 


196        BEGINNER'S  GREEK  COMPOSITION 

EXERCISE    XCVIII. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
How  the  Lakeclaiiiioiiians  treated  Pliamabazos. 

[Harvard  Entrance  Examination,  1890.] 

Pharnabazos  was  satrap  of  Phrygia.  He  had 
long  been  the  friend  and  ally  of  the  Lakedai- 
monians,  and  had  never  said  nor  done  anything 
treacherous  1  against  them.  He  made  their 
fleet  strong 2  by  providing^  money,  and  on  land 
fought  ^on  their  side.  But  they  were  not 
grateful^  to  him  ^although  he  was  so  friendly; 
for  they  burned  down  all  the  beautiful  houses 
and  parks  which  his  father  had  left  him  "that 
he  might  take  ^pleasure  in  them;  and  some- 
times^ they  fell  in  with  his  slaves  and  slew 
them.  Agesilaos  also  marched  into  his  country, 
burned  some  cities  and  plundered  ^^  others.  All 
this  was  done  while  the   Lakedaimonians  and 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  197 

Pharnabazos  were  allies.  At  length  the  satrap, 
since  he  could  no  longer  enjoy  ^^  his  own  prop- 
erty, was  compelled  to  go  to  war  with  those 
who  had  wronged  him  ;  for  said  he  :  ''I  have 
not  now  a  meaP^  in  my  own  country,  unless, 
like  the  beasts,  I  ^'^pick  up  ^"^what  you  leave." 

I.  St7rAdo5.  2.  I.  5,  9.  3.  Tzixpi^m.  4.  With 
them.  5.  1.4,15.  6.  Express  "  although  he 
was  "  in  one  word.  7.  €</>'  o\%.  8.  €u</)patVo/xat. 
9.  I.  5)  2.  10.  TTOpOeu)  =  depopulor.  11.  I. 
3,  5.  12.  SeiTTvov.  13.  The  same  word  in 
Greek  means  collect.  14.  What  sort  of  a  con- 
ditional sentence  ? 


19S        BEGINNER'S   GREEK  COMPOSITION    . 

EXERCISE    XCIX. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
Agesilaos  gives  away  the  daughter  of  Spithridates. 

[Harvard  Entrance  Examination,  1892.] 

Agesilaos  had  long  desirecP  to  ^make  the 
Paphlagonians  revolt  from  the  great  king.  So 
he  was  greatly  pleased  when  Spithridates  had 
persuaded  them  to  do  this,  and  he  wished  to 
^do  him  a  service.  Now  this  Spithridates  had 
a  beautiful  daughter,  and  was  himself  one  of 
the  noblest  ^  of  the  Persians.  Agesilaos,  there- 
fore, sent  for  the  king  of  the  Paphlagonians, 
and  asked  him  whether^  he  would  marry ^  the 
girl.^  And  he  answered  that  he  would  ^with 
pleasure  do  whatever  the  Spartan  thought  best. 
So  Agesilaos  promised  to  man  a  trireme  and 
to  send  the  girl  to  Paphlagonia  in  it  by  sea. 
Then  he  marched  away  in  order  that  he  might 


FOR   WRITTEN  TRANSLATION  199 

reach  Dascyleium  before  it  was  winter^;  for 
he  wished  to  encamp  there  in  the  palace  and 
park  which  belonged  to  Pharnabazos. 

I.  I.  9,  12.  2.  *' Make  revolt '':  d<^t'o-r7;/xt. 
3.  evepyerioi.  4.  tvyevrj^.  5.  I.  8,  15.  6.  ya- 
jLteo).      7.  Trats.      8.   Gladly.      9.  ;)(et/xo)v  ^  hiems. 


OTrXiTTjs, 


BEGINNER'S    GREEK  COMPOSITION 


EXERCISE    C. 

FOR    WRITTEN    TRANSLATION. 
The  I>eath  of  Cyrus. 

[Harvard  Entrance  Examination,  1893.] 

When  Cyrus  had  routed  the  six  thousand 
posted  in  front  of  the  king,  his  cavalry  ^  rushed 
on  to  the  pursuit.^  Thus  Cyrus  himself  was 
left  with  only  a  few  friends  about  him.  At 
this  crisis^  he  caught  sight  of  the  king  not 
*  far  away.  If  Cyrus  had  ^  restrained  himself, 
he  might  have  won  the  victory  and  have  slain 
the  king;  but  crying  out  that  he  saw  his 
brother,  he  rode  at  him  and  wounded  ^  him  in 
the  body.  Ktesias,  the  king's  physician,'^  who 
wrote  about  the  battle,  speaks  of  this,  and  also 
says^  that  somebody  hit  Cyrus  with  a  javelin^ 
under  the  eye.  Then  the  followers  of  the  king 
and   Cyrus  fought  with  each  other  until  many 


FOR    WRITTEN   TRANSLATION  201 

were  killed.  Nobody  knows  who  killed  Cyrus; 
but  he  was  found  dead  after  the  battle,  and  all 
his  friends  lay  round  him. 

I.  6/3/xa(o.  2.  Use  a  form  of  ScojKaj.  3.  Kai- 
p6<i,  6.  4.  TToXv  aTTt^oj.  5.  ave^o/LiaL.  6.  rt- 
Tpiiio-KO).  7.  tar/oo?.  8.  Omit  in  the  Greek. 
9.    TraArdv. 


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STAMPED  BELOW 

AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED   FOR   FAILURE  TO   RETURN 
THIS   BOOK   ON    THE   DATE   DUE.    THE   PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY    AND    TO    $1.00     ON     THE    SEVENTH     DAY 
OVERDUE. 

AUG    151134 

OPT    27  iq^4 

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U.  C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


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